Medical student depression and its correlates across three international medical schools

Table 2 Comparison of samples of medical students on depression (ANCOVA)¹

Over the past 2 wk, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems? (PHQ-22)	a United States	b Middle Eastern country	c China	Paired comparison
	LS mean (SE)	LS mean (SE)	LS mean (SE)
1 Little interest or pleasure in doing things	0.37 (0.05)	1.18 (0.06)	0.92 (0.06)	b > a, c; c > a
2 Feeling down, depressed or hopeless	0.36 (0.05)	1.07 (0.06)	0.76 (0.05)	b > a, c; c > a
Total Score	0.73 (0.08)	2.25 (0.10)	1.68 (0.09)	b > a, c; c > a

¹Adjusted for differences in unmet mental health needs;

²PHQ-2: Patient Health Questionnaire-2; where not depressed = 0, mild depression is 1-2, depressed is ≥ 3. LS mean: Least square mean; SE: Standard error.