Bullying among people with visual impairment: Prevalence, associated factors and relationship to self-efficacy and life satisfaction

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable regression analyses of factors associated with lifetime bullying among individuals with VI (n = 736)

Covariates	% of bullying	Univariable	Multivariable
		RR (95%CI)	RR (95%CI)
Age (yr)
18-35	58.0	2.62 (1.95-3.51)	2.09 (1.53-2.85)
36-50	51.1	2.26 (1.68-3.05)	2.04 (1.51-2.77)
51-65	38.5	1.77 (1.30-2.41)	1.66 (1.12-2.26)
≥ 66	22.8	1.00	1.00
Gender
Male	38.7	1.00	1.00
Female	44.2	1.14 (0.96-1.36)	1.15 (0.98-1.34)
Parental ethnicity
Norwegian	41.2	1.00	1.00
Others	45.1	1.09 (0.86-1.40)	1.00 (0.81-1.25)
Urbanicity
< 50000 inhabitants	46.3	1.00	1.00
≥ 50000 inhabitants	36.3	0.79 (0.66-0.94)	1.01 (0.84-1.21)
Other impairments
No	38.1	1.00	1.00
Yes	48.5	1.27 (1.07-1.51)	1.35 (1.15-1.57)
Severity of VI
Blind	41.9	1.19 (0.93-1.50)	1.05 (0.84-1.30)
Severe VI	47.0	1.33 (1.08-1.63)	1.18 (0.97-1.42)
Moderate VI/other	35.4	1.00	1.00
Age at VI onset
Since birth	52.0	1.91 (1.53-2.38)	1.55 (1.22-1.96)
Childhood or youth (1-24 yr)	44.8	1.64 (1.26-2.15)	1.27 (0.98-1.68)
Adulthood (≥ 25 yr)	27.3	1.00	1.00
VI stability
Stable	43.0	1.00	1.00
Non-stable	38.5	0.90 (0.74-1.19)	0.92 (0.76-1.11)

RR: Relative risk; VI: Visual impairment.