Cognitive correlates of neuroimaging abnormalities in the onset of schizophrenia: A case report

Table 1 Neuropsychological results

Test	Patient score	Normal value	Result	Z-score
Mini-mental state examination	27.19	24-29.19	Normal	0.45
Executive functions: Tower of London	25	20-36	Normal	-0.75
Frontal assessment battery	15.98	13.5-17.3	Normal	-0.95
Cognitive estimation task	19.97	0-18	Failed	2.43
Bizarreness	6	0-4	Failed	4
Problem solving: Raven’s progressive matrices	29.05	18.6-33.05	Normal	0.89
Assessment of cognitive impairment in memory
Verbal memory and learning
Digit Span	5.75	3.75-8.75	Normal	-0.4
Verbal Learning	10.50	6.50-21.50	Normal	-0.93
Recall of prose: Immediate and after 10 min	3.50	8.00-27.50	Failed	-2.92
Spatial short-term memory (Corsi test)	4.50	3.50-8.50	Normal	-1.20
Attention and speed information processing
Trail making test
Part A	33	< 93 s	Normal
Part B, dual task	161	< 282 s	Normal
Part B-A	128	< 186 s	Borderline score	-1.36
Visual search	34.25	31-51.25	Borderline score
Verbal fluency
Phonemic	23	17-59	Borderline score	-1.43
Categories	32	25-58	Normal	-1.15
Language
Boston naming test	31	43-60	Failed	-4.82
Token test	32	29-36	Normal	-0.29
Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised	General IQ = 75 (verbal IQ = 81; performance IQ = 74)	80-120	Borderline score	-2.50
	VCI = 5.5; POI = 6.25

The standard scores, reported in the second column, are calculated considering a normal population. Our patient’s scores, adjusted for age, sex and education are shown in the first column next to each test. A score is considered pathological when the score is present less than 5% of the normal population. Sometimes normal scores are considered pathological due to the clinical condition and the global performance. VCI: Verbal comprehension index; POI: Perceptual organization index.