Prevalence of substance use among moroccan adolescents and association with academic achievement

Table 1 Bivariate analyses comparing grade average in the last trimester for girls only

Variable	Grades 13 and above (above average grades)n = 568% (n) or mean (SD)	Grades 12 and below (average and below average grades)n = 541% (n) or mean (SD)	Statistic	P value
Age	17.0 (1.4)	17.6 (1.4)	t1107 = -7.71	0.0005
Days absent in the last 30 d
Not absent	65.8% (374)	53.2% (285)
1 d	16.0% (91)	20.1% (108)
2 d	8.5% (48)	9.5% (51)	χ52 = 24.24	0.0005
3-4 d	3.9% (22)	9.0% (48)
5-6 d	2.6% (15)	3.2% (17)
7 or more days	3.2% (18)	5.0% (27)
		n = 536
Father’s education level
Not educated	11.4% (58)	22.4% (109)
Elementary school	19.9% (101)	23.2% (113)
Middle school	10.5% (53)	14.8% (72)	χ42 = 56.59	0.0005
High school	19.7% (100)	20.9% (102)
College and beyond	38.5% (195)	18.7% (91)
	n = 507	n = 487
Mother’s education level
Not educated	30.9% (167)	49.1% (255)
Elementary school	15.2% (82)	18.7% (97)
Middle school	9.4% (51)	9.2% (48)	χ42 = 61.97	0.0005
High school	22.0% (119)	12.9% (67)
College and beyond	22.6% (122)	10.0% (52)
	n = 541	n = 519
Socioeconomic status compared with other families in country
Above other families	25.7% (146)	20.1% (108)
Same as other families	71.0% (403)	72.5% (390)	χ22 = 12.57	0.002
Below other families	3.3% (19)	7.4% (40)
		n = 538
Ever used alcohol, hashish, psychotropic, or other drugs	13.9 (79)	18.9 (102)	χ2 = 4.96	0.026
Age first used alcohol, hashish, or psychotropic drugs	14.7 (2.5)	15.7 (2.6)	t142 = -2.30	0.023
	n = 65	n = 79
Used alcohol, hashish, or psychotropic drugs in the last 12 mo	6.0 (34)	7.9 (43)	χ2 = 1.65	0.199
Used alcohol, hashish, or psychotropic drugs in the past 30 d	3.0 (17)	5.2 (28)	χ2 = 3.39	0.066