Influence of mental stress on platelet bioactivity

Table 3 Platelet serotonin content and MAO activity and platelet activation markers in PTSD in cross sectional investigations

Study	Participants	Assessment inventory	Comorbidities	Medication allowed	Platelet outcome parameters	Results
Vidović et al[116] 2011	Platelet reactivity in PTSD	Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview		Benzodiazepins	Platelet reactivity to agonists (EPI, ADP, combination)	PTSD patients ↑P-sel exp (P = 0.003), ↑% P-sel exp (P = 0.006), ↑% Plt-ne agg (P < 0.001) vs healthy controls
	15 PTSD veterans vs 12 healthy controls			Atypical antipsychotics
		CAPS		No antidepressants	P-sel exp
		HAMD		No NSAIDs	% of P-sel
		HAMA		No anti-hypertensives	% of PLA
				No statins	% of P-mo agg
					% of P-ne agg
					% of P-ly agg
					FACS
Kovacic et al[112] 2008	Platelets as a marker of suicidality in PTSD patients	SCID	Non-PTSD group: depression, psychosis, acute stress disorder, personality Disorder	Drug free veterans	5-HT content	↓5-HT (P < 0.029) suicidal PTSD vs non-suicidal PTSD, ↓5-HT (P < 0.01) suicidal PTSD vs healthy
		CAPS		Drug free non-PTSD patient group (drug-naïve or wash-out period of 2 wk or no SSRI for 6 wk)	Spectrofluorometric assessment
	73 suicidal and 47 non-suicidal PTSD patients vs 45 suicidal and 30 non suicidal non-PTSD patients. 147 healthy men	HDRS
		HAMA
		PANSS
Pivac et al[108] 2007	MAO-B activity and MAO intron 13 polymorphism in PTSD	SCID	PTSD patients wit h comorbid depression	Drug-free	MAO-B activity	Non-Smokers: psychotic PTSD vs veterans (P = 0.001), vs healthy (P = 0.006) ↑MAO-B activity; non-psychotic PTSD vs veterans (P = 0.046) ↑MAO-B activity
		CAPS			Spectrofluorimetric assay
	28 PTSD patients with psychotic features vs 78 PTSD without psychotic features vs 41 veterans without PTSD vs 242 male healthy control	PANSS	Alcoholism		Intron 13 polymorphism
		HAMD	Anxiety disorders		Taqman PCR
			Panick disorder			Smokers: psychotic PTSD vs veterans (P = 0.002), vs healthy (P = 0.001) ↑MAO-B activity
Vidović et al[117] 2007	Platelet activation markers in PTSD	CAPS	Hypertension	No psychopharmacotherapy	% PLA	Platelet outcome parameters: ns changes
	20 PTSD war veterans vs 20 age comparable healthy civilians	Clinical Global Impressions Scale	Hyperlipidaemia		% Plt-mo agg
			Diabetes		% Plt-ne agg
					% Plt-ly agg
					FACS
					sP-sel
					ELISA
Pivac et al[113] 2006	Platelet serotonin in PTSD patients with psychotic features	CAPS		Drug-free	5-HT contents	↑5-HT psychotic PTSD vs PTSD (P = 0.019), vs veterans (P = 0.040), vs controls (P = 0.029)
		PANSS			Spectrofluorimetric assay
	67 veterans with PTSD vs 36 veterans without PTSD vs 35 veterans with psychotic PTSD	HAMD
Mück-Seler et al[114] 2003	Platelet serotonin in PTSD with comorbid depression	CAPS	Headaches	Drug-free for 2 wk	5-HT content	5-HT contents PTSD vs non PTSD vs healthy controls (P = 0.11)NS changes; ↑5-HT depressed veterans with severe appetite loss (P < 0.05) vs depressed PTSD without appetite loss vs controls
		HAS	Back-pain		Spectrofluorimetric assay
	48 PTSD veterans (31 depressed vs 16 non-depressed) vs 17 non PTSD war veterans (4 depressed vs 13 non-depressed)	DTS	Gastro-intestinal symptoms
		MADRS
Pivac et al[115] 2002	Platelet 5-HT and MAO activity in PTSD	MADRS	No alcohol or drug abuse 1 mo prior	Drug-free	5-HT content	5-HT (P = 0.31)NS; MAO activity (P = 0.12)NS; No correlation to rating scales
	31 war veterans with PTSD vs 22 war veterans without PTSD vs 22 prisoners of war with PTSD	CAPS			MAO-activity
					Spectrofluorimetric method
Cicin-Sain et al[118] 2000	5-HT level, kinetics of serotonin transporter, MAO activity	Watsons PTSD questionnaire	PTSD patients comorbid depression, alcohol dependence, personality disorder, psychosis	Benzodiazepines, neuroleptics, TCAs, SSRIs, atypical anti-depressants	5-HT content	5-HTNS; Serotonin transporter kineticsNS, ↓MAO-B velocity (P < 0.05) in patients vs healthy controls
					5-HT uptake
	63 PTSD patients vs 43 healthy controls				MAO-B activity
					Spectrofluorimetric
					Radioisotypic method

PTSD: Posttraumatic stress disorder; 5-HT: Serotonin; MAO: Monoamine oxidase; EPI: Epinephrine; ADP: Adenosine-di-phosphat; SCID: Structured clinical interview; CAPS: Clinician Administred PTSD Scale; HDRS: Hamiton Depression Rating Scale; HAMA: Hamilton anxiety rating scale; PANSS: Positive and negative syndrom scale; MADRS: Montgomery asperg depression scale; HAMD: Hamilton rating scale for depression; HAS: Hamilton anxiety scale; DTS: Davidson trauma scale; %: Percentage of; PLA: Platelet-leukocyte aggregates; Plt-mo agg: Platelet-Monocyte aggregates; Plt-ne agg: Platelet-neutrophil aggregates; P-ly agg: Platelet-lymphocyte aggregates; P-sel: P-selectin; sPsel: Soluble P-selectin; exp: Expression; TCA: Tricyclic antidepressants; SSRI: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; NSAID: Non steroidal anti inflammatory durg; FACS: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting; NS: Not significant.