Mindfulness improves negative psychotic symptoms through reducing emotional and social withdrawal

Table 4 Analysis of the interaction components of the repeated measures analysis of variance on subscales of the positive and negative syndrome scale negative

PANSS negative subscale		PRE	POST	F	P	η2
Blunted affect	IRT	2.54 (1.03)	2.77 (0.99)	2.06	0.157	0.039
	IRT + MBI	2.42 (0.94)	2.46 (1.10)	0.06	0.812	0.001
	PRE			0.18	0.296	0.004
	POST			1.12	0.296	0.022
Emotional withdrawal	IRT	3.85 (1.12)	3.69 (1.32)	0.67	0.417	0.013
	IRT + MBI	4.00 (1.36)	2.50 (0.86)	63.75	< 0.001	0.560
	PRE			0.19	0.658	0.004
	POST			14.89	< 0.001	0.230
Poor rapport	IRT	2.38 (0.80)	2.46 (0.90)	0.25	0.622	0.005
	IRT + MBI	2.31 (1.09)	2.46 (1.14)	0.98	0.326	0.019
	PRE			0.08	0.773	0.002
	POST			0.01	0.999	< 0.001
Social withdrawal	IRT	4.08 (1.20)	4.12 (1.24)	0.03	0.857	0.001
	IRT + MBI	3.96 (1.31)	2.65 (0.98)	38.01	< 0.001	0.432
	PRE			0.11	0.742	0.002
	POST			22.20	< 0.001	0.307
Difficulty in abstract thinking	IRT	2.73 (1.18)	2.54 (1.27)	1.39	0.243	0.027
	IRT + MBI	2.73 (1.48)	2.27 (1.18)	8.03	0.007	0.138
	PRE			0.01	0.999	< 0.001
	POST			0.62	0.434	0.012
Lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation	IRT	2.31 (0.88)	2.19 (0.85)	0.55	0.463	0.011
	IRT + MBI	2.42 (1.14)	2.38 (1.06)	0.06	0.806	0.001
	PRE			0.17	0.685	0.003
	POST			0.52	0.474	0.010
Stereotyped thinking	IRT	1.31 (0.55)	1.19 (0.40)	3.26	0.077	0.061
	IRT + MBI	1.15 (0.67)	1.04 (0.20)	3.25	0.078	0.061
	PRE			1.41	0.241	0.027
	POST			3.08	0.086	0.058

Data are presented as n (%). The IRT and IRT + MBI rows show the interaction analysis for the time factor (within subjects). The PRE and POST rows show the interaction analysis for the treatment factor (between subjects). PANSS: Positive and negative syndrome scale; PRE: Pretreatment; POST: Post-treatment; IRT: Integrated rehabilitation treatment; MBI: Mindfulness-based intervention.