Mindfulness improves negative psychotic symptoms through reducing emotional and social withdrawal

Table 3 Repeated measures analysis of variance on subscales of the positive and negative syndrome scale negative scale

PANSS negative subscale	Factor	F	P	η2
Blunted affect	Treatment	0.67	0.418	0.013
	Time	1.40	0.242	0.027
	Treatment x time	0.72	0.402	0.014
Emotional withdrawal	Treatment	3.01	0.089	0.057
	Time	38.75	< 0.001	0.437
	Treatment x time	25.67	< 0.001	0.339
Poor rapport	Treatment	0.02	0.880	< 0.001
	Time	1.11	0.297	0.022
	Treatment x time	0.12	0.727	0.002
Social withdrawal	Treatment	7.21	0.010	0.126
	Time	10.47	< 0.001	0.264
	Treatment x time	11.78	< 0.001	0.287
Difficulty in abstract thinking	Treatment	0.16	0.692	0.003
	Time	8.05	0.007	0.139
	Treatment x time	0.161	0.248	0.027
Lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation	Treatment	0.37	0.544	0.007
	Time	0.48	0.489	0.009
	Treatment x time	0.12	0.729	0.002
Stereotyped thinking	Treatment	2.32	0.134	0.044
	Time	6.52	0.014	0.115
	Treatment x time	0.01	0.999	< 0.001

PANSS: Positive and negative syndrome scale.