Investigation of the relationship between nurses’ levels of mental health literacy, holistic nursing competencies, and professional self-efficacy

Table 2 Differences between nurses’ descriptive characteristics and total mean scores of the Mental Health Literacy Scale, Holistic Nursing Competence Scale and Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale (n = 261)

Characteristics	MHLS	HNCS	NPSES
Age (years), mean ± SD
24-39	2.77 ± 0.33	6.14 ± 1.20	6.14 ± 1.20
39-54	2.67 ± 0.32	6.27 ± 1.10	6.27 ± 1.10
Student t-test; P value	t = 2.253; P = 0.025	t = -0.864; P = 0.388	t = -0.864; P = 0.388
Gender, mean ± SD
Female	2.72 ± 0.31	6.20 ± 1.17	6.20 ± 1.17
Male	2.85 ± 0.43	6.08 ± 1.14	6.08 ± 1.14
Student t-test; P value	t = -2.06; P = 0.040	t = 0.503; P = 0.615	t = 0.503; P = 0.615
Last school graduated, mean ± SD
VSH/AS	2.67 ± 0.50	5.91 ± 1.16	3.67 ± 0.90
Bachelor’s degree	2.73 ± 0.29	6.21 ± 1.16	4.09 ± 0.65
Master’s degree	2.90 ± 0.42	6.29 ± 1.16	4.02 ± 0.78
Analysis of variation test; P value	F = 2.029; P = 0.134	F = 0.833; P = 0.436	F = 4.488; P = 0.012
Post-hoc	-	-	VSH/AS < bachelor’s degree
Working time (years), mean ± SD
1-11	2.79 ± 0.34	5.91 ± 1.16	4.06 ± 0.69
12-21	2.73 ± 0.27	6.21 ± 1.16	3.51 ± 1.06
22-31	2.66 ± 0.33	6.29 ± 1.16	3.89 ± 0.88
Analysis of variation test; P value	F = 3.792; P = 0.024	F = 0.833; P = 0.436	F = 1.390; P = 0.251
Post-hoc	22-31 < 1-11	-	-
Is a holistic approach important in nursing?
Yes	3.57 ± 0.00	6.18 ± 1.16	4.09 ± 0.63
No	2.73 ± 0.33	5.93 ± 0.00	3.99 ± 0.76
Student t-test; P value	t = -2.525; P = 0.012	t = 0.221; P = 0.826	t = 1.130; P = 0.260
How does nurses’ knowledge of mental illnesses affect their holistic nursing approaches?
Positive impact	2.73 ± 0.33	6.21 ± 1.16	4.06 ± 0.68
Negative impact	2.95 ± 0.53	5.57 ± 1.01	2.87 ± 1.02
It has no effect	3.50 ± 0.19	5.73 ± 0.83	3.99 ± 0.82
Analysis of variation test; P value	F = 1.156; P = 0.316	F = 2.586; P = 0.077	F = 4.396; P = 0.013
Post-hoc	-	-	Negative impact < positive impact

MHLS: Mental Health Literacy Scale; HNCS: Holistic Nursing Competence Scale; NPSES: Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale; VSH/AS: Vocational school of health graduates/associate degree; Post-hoc: Tukey.