Correlation between self-management, psychological cognitive impairment, and quality of life in elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Table 7 Multivariate analysis of total quality of life scores in elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Variable	Regression coefficient	SE	95% confidence interval of regression coefficient	χ2-tests	P value
Degree of education
Elementary school and below	Reference
Junior high school and vocational school, high school, and vocational college	-0.478	0.658	-1.767-0.811	0.528	0.467
College degree, undergraduate degree or above	-2.222	1.814	-5.777-1.333	1.501	0.221
Engage in intellectual activities every day
Yes	Reference
No	0.791	0.717	-0.613-2.195	1.219	0.270
Frequency of physical exercise
0 time/week	Reference
Approximately 1 time/week	-1.295	0.798	-2.859-0.270	2.632	0.105
≥ 3 times/week	-1.522	0.932	-3.348-0.305	2.666	0.102
Sleep duration per night
≤ 6 hours	Reference
> 6 hours	-0.990	0.734	-2.429-0.450	1.817	0.178
Course of disease
< 5 years	Reference
5-10 years	0.973	0.766	-0.529-2.475	1.612	0.204
> 10 years	1.665	0.813	0.072-3.259	4.196	0.041
Fall history in the past year
No	Reference
Yes	0.096	1.367	-2.582-2.774	0.005	0.944
Coexistence of multiple illnesses
No	Reference
Yes	-0.731	0.741	-2.183-0.721	0.973	0.324
Pulmonary function classification, grade
I	Reference
II	0.218	1.086	-1.909-2.346	0.041	0.841
III	1.333	1.185	-0.989-3.654	1.266	0.261
IV	0.575	1.611	-2.583-3.733	0.127	0.721
Dyspnea classification, level
0	Reference
1	-0.292	1.445	-3.123-2.540	0.041	0.840
2	1.353	1.548	-1.681-4.387	0.764	0.382
3	2.133	1.683	-1.166-5.432	1.606	0.205
4	3.575	1.908	-0.164-7.315	3.512	0.061
Hypoxemia
No	Reference
Yes	1.924	1.343	-0.709-4.557	2.051	0.152
Persist in using inhaled medication
No	Reference
Yes	1.073	0.976	-0.839-2.985	1.211	0.271
Long term oxygen therapy status
No	Reference
Yes	1.406	0.866	-0.291-3.102	2.637	0.104
The number of acute attacks in the past year	0.319	0.300	-0.269-0.907	1.132	0.287
Self-management rating	-0.058	0.016	-0.089-(-0.026)	12.836	< 0.001
Cognitive decline
No occurrence	Reference
Occur	-1.613	1.379	-4.315-1.089	1.369	0.242

Restricted cubic spline model adjusts for education level, daily intellectual activity, frequency of physical exercise, duration of sleep per night, disease course, history of falls in the past year, comorbidity of multiple diseases, pulmonary function grading, dyspnea grading, hypoxemia, adherence to inhaled medication, long-term oxygen therapy, number of acute attacks in the past year, and cognitive impairment.