Associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality in the elderly: Mediating influence of depression

Table 1 Baseline characteristic, n (%)

	Men (n = 3486)	Women (n = 4276)	All (n = 7762)	χ2/t	P value
Age	71.4 ± 6.9	70.9 ± 6.7	71.1 ± 6.8	3.80	< 0.001
Urban and rural
Rural	2295 (65.8)	2708 (63.3)	5003 (64.5)	5.26	0.022
Urban	1191 (34.2)	1568 (36.7)	2759 (35.5)
Education
< 6 years	2414 (69.2)	3495 (81.7)	5909 (76.1)	154.76	< 0.001
≥ 6 years	1072 (30.8)	781 (18.3)	1853 (23.9)
Marital status
Married	3166 (90.8)	3425 (80.1)	6591 (84.9)	172.35	< 0.001
Widowed/divorced/never married	320 (9.2)	851 (19.9)	1171 (15.1)
Pension income				162.61	< 0.001
< 2000 CNY/month	2221 (63.7)	2926 (68.4)	5147 (66.3)
2000-5000 CNY/month	947 (27.2)	1243 (29.1)	2190 (28.2)
> 5000 CNY/month	318 (9.1)	107 (2.5)	425 (5.5)
Sedentary				0.58	0.747
< 3 hours/day	1406 (40.3)	1758 (41.1)	3164 (40.8)
3-5 hours/day	1367 (39.2)	1666 (39.0)	3033 (39.1)
> 5 hours/day	713 (20.5)	852 (19.9)	1565 (20.2)
Physical activity				23.04	< 0.001
< 3 times/week	2083 (59.8)	2323 (54.3)	4406 (56.8)
≥ 3 times/week	1403 (40.2)	1953 (45.7)	3356 (43.2)
Smoking history	1736 (49.8)	174 (4.1)	1910 (24.6)	2164.73	< 0.001
Drinking history	1858 (53.3)	382 (8.9)	2240 (28.9)	1841.12	< 0.001
Chronic disease history	2328 (66.8)	3000 (70.2)	5328 (68.6)	10.18	0.001
Regular diet	3439 (98.7)	4201 (98.2)	7640 (98.4)	2.04	0.153
Self-rated health				9.90	0.007
Good	1535 (44.0)	1745 (40.8)	3280 (42.3)
Intermediate	1731 (49.7)	2213 (51.8)	3944 (50.8)
Poor	220 (6.3)	318 (7.4)	538 (6.9)
Depression (yes)	600 (17.2)	778 (18.2)	1378 (17.8)	1.27	0.260
Anxiety (yes)	393 (11.3)	513 (12.0)	906 (11.7)	0.98	0.323
Social isolation (yes)	309 (8.9)	608 (14.2)	917 (11.8)	52.86	< 0.001
Sleep duration (abnormal)	1099 (31.5)	1557 (36.4)	2656 (34.2)	20.37	< 0.001
Sleep quality (poor)	404 (11.6)	711 (16.6)	1115 (14.4)	39.63	< 0.001

CNY: China yuan.