Botulinum toxin type A-targeted SPP1 contributes to neuropathic pain by the activation of microglia pyroptosis

Figure 3 SPP1 targeted by botulinum toxin type A contributes to pyroptosis of lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia. A-F: Lipopolysaccharide-treated rat microglia were treated with control short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or SPP1 shRNA, or co-treated with botulinum toxin type A. The expression of GSDMD-N was measured by western blot (A). The levels of NLRP3 and ASC were detected by immunofluorescence (B and C). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (D-F). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; BTX-A: Botulinum toxin type A.