Botulinum toxin type A-targeted SPP1 contributes to neuropathic pain by the activation of microglia pyroptosis

Figure 1 SPP1 and pyroptosis are activated in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia. A-E: The microglia were treated with lipopolysaccharide. The expression of ACS, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N was measured by western blot (A). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (B-D). The expression of SPP1 was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (E). ^aP < 0.001. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; NC: Negative control.