Metabolic complications of psychotropic medications in psychiatric disorders: Emerging role of de novo lipogenesis and therapeutic consideration

Table 3 Effect of selective adjunctive/anti-inflammatory drugs on symptoms of psychosis, depression, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Agents/drugs	Psychosis1	Depression2	Insulin resistance3	NAFLD4
Aspirin	Reduced[136,137]	Reduced[142]	Reduced[151]	Reduced[160]
N-acetylcysteine	Reduced[136,137]	Reduced[143]	Reduced[152]	Reduced[161]
Minocycline	Reduced[136,137]	No change[144]	Reduced[153]	Increased[162]
Pregnenolone	Reduced[137]	Reduced[145]	?	Reduced[163]
Estrogens	Reduced[136,137]	Reduced[146]	Reduced[154]	Reduced[164]
Raloxifene	Reduced[137]	?	May reduce[155]	Reduced[165]
Curcumin	Reduced[138]	Reduced[147]	Reduced[156]	Reduced[166]
Pioglitazone	Reduced[139]	Reduced[148]	Reduced[157]	Reduced[167]
Celecoxib	Reduced[140]	Reduced[149]	Reduced[158]	Reduced[168]
w3-PUFAs	Reduced[141]	Reduced[150]	Reduced[159]	Reduced[169]

¹Measure of positive and negative syndrome scale score.

²Measure of Hamilton depression rating scale total scores.

³Measure of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.

⁴Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is positively associated with de novo lipogenesis; thus, reduced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indicates a decrease in de novo lipogenesis.

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases; w3-PUFAs: w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.