Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Psychiatry. May 19, 2024; 14(5): 670-677
Published online May 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i5.670
Table 3 Comparison of hope level


Control group (n = 50)
Research group (n = 55)
t
P value
Temporarily and future orientation (T)Before intervention7.86 ± 0.937.82 ± 1.120.1980.843
6 months after intervention9.90 ± 1.39a11.07 ± 1.51a4.118< 0.0001
Positive readiness and expectancy (P)Before intervention8.26 ± 1.318.49 ± 1.170.9500.344
6 months after intervention10.50 ± 1.82a12.80 ± 1.43a7.234< 0.0001
Interconnectedness (I)Before intervention8.56 ± 1.759.13 ± 1.521.7860.077
6 months after intervention11.54 ± 2.16a13.58 ± 1.80a5.274< 0.0001
Overall hope levelBefore intervention24.68 ± 2.3025.44 ± 2.421.6460.103
6 months after intervention31.94 ± 2.80a37.48 ± 3.25a9.313< 0.0001