Deliberate self-harm among pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China: A single-center retrospective study

Table 2 Risk factors of children and adolescents psychiatric in patients with and without deliberate self-harm (n = 1414)

Factors	No. of patients (%)		χ2/Z	P value
	With DSH	Without DSH
Main diseases			157.308	< 0.001
Depression	151 (35.36)	276 (64.64)
Bipolar disorder	4 (2.13)	184 (97.87)
Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorder	33 (9.02)	333 (90.98)
Neurodevelopmental disorder	34 (12.36)	241 (87.64)
Others	17 (10.76)	141 (89.24)
Gender			58.463	< 0.001
Male	68 (9.43)	653 (90.57)
Female	171 (24.68)	522 (75.32)
Age (yr)			2.212	0.137
≤12	18 (12.50)	126 (87.50)
13-18	221 (17.40)	1049 (82.60)
Census registration			-	0.4051
Rural	151 (16.97)	739 (83.03)
City	88 (16.79)	436 (83.21)
Occupation			16.193	< 0.001
Student	190 (19.59)	780 (80.41)
Employed	1 (5.88)	16 (94.12)
Not working or studying	48 (11.24)	379 (88.76)
Marital status of parents			9.725	0.002
Normal	220 (16.25)	1134 (83.76)
Abnormal	19 (31.67)	41 (68.33)
Family history of psychiatric illness			27.310	< 0.001
Positive	5 (2.91)	167 (97.09)
Negative	229 (18.85)	986 (81.15)
Unknown	5 (18.52)	22 (81.48)
Substance use			-	0.1841
Yes	7 (26.92)	19 (73.08)
No	232 (16.71)	1156 (83.29)
History of physical abuse			-	0.0331
Yes	4 (44.44)	5 (55.56)
No	234 (16.91)	1150 (83.09)
Unknown	1 (4.76)	20 (95.24)

¹Fisher's exact test.

DSH: Deliberate self-harm.