Impaired implicit emotion regulation in patients with panic disorder: An event-related potential study on affect labeling

Figure 3 Late positive potential amplitude. A: Illustrates the early late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes at each electrode site for the healthy controls (HC) and panic disorder (PD) groups under affect labeling and gender labeling conditions. Firstly, a 2 × 2 × 5 repeated measures analysis of variance (350-630 ms) revealed significant main effects of electrode (P < 0.001) and a significant group × condition interaction effect (P = 0.02). Post-hoc comparisons indicated that the HC group exhibited higher LPP amplitudes in the affect labeling condition compared to the gender labeling condition (P = 0.044), while there was no significant difference in the PD group (P > 0.05). Secondly, no significant effects of electrode, condition, group, or interactions were observed in the 630-1000 ms time window (P > 0.05 for all comparisons); B: Presents topographic maps of the two groups under the two conditions; C: Demonstrates negative correlations between LPP amplitudes at the CZ site during affect labeling and Panic Disorder Severity Scale scores as well as Panic-Associated Symptom Scale scores in PD patients (P = 0.029, P = 0.035, respectively). PD: Panic disorder; HC: Healthy control; PDSS: Panic Disorder Severity Scale; PASS: Panic-Associated Symptom Scale; Fz: Frontal midline; FCz: Frontocentral midline; Cz: Central midline; CPz: Centroparietal midline; Pz: Parietal midline.