Heart abnormality associates with a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders: Evidence from Mendelian randomization analyses

Table 1 Cardiovascular symptoms in patients with psychiatric disorders

Primary psychiatric disorder	Secondary cardiovascular symptom	Ref.
Depression	Cardiovascular disease and mortality	Rajan et al[2]
ADHD	Hypertension and arterial disease	Zhang et al[3]
PTSD	Coronary artery disease	Walczewska et al[4]
Schizophrenia	Sudden cardiac death	Dimsdale[5]; Wang et al[6]
Autism	High heart rate	Klusek et al[7]
Bipolar disorder	Heart failure	Chen et al[8]

ADHD: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder.