Family functioning mediation in tic severity and quality of life for children with Tourette syndrome

doi:10.5498/wjp.v14.i11.1641

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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World J Psychiatry. Nov 19, 2024; 14(11): 1641-1651
Published online Nov 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i11.1641

Table 1 Demographic information of children with Tourette syndrome

Item	Total (n = 139)	Male (n = 113)	Female (n = 26)	With ADHD (n = 52)	Without ADHD (n = 87)
Sex
Male, n (%)	113 (81.30)	-	-	45 (86.50)	68 (78.20)
Female, n (%)	26 (18.70)	-	-	7 (13.50)	19 (21.80)
Age [M (P25, P75)]	10 (9, 12)	10 (9, 12)	10 (9, 11)	10 (9, 12)	10 (9, 12)
YGTSS Score [M (P25, P75)]
Total tic	23 (16, 30)	22 (16, 28)	27 (17, 31)	19 (12, 26)	24 (18, 32)
Motor tic	13 (10, 15)	13 (10, 15)	14 (10, 17)	12 (9, 15)	13 (11, 16)
Vocal tic	7 (0, 11)	7 (0, 11)	8 (0, 11)	6 (0, 9)	8 (0, 11)
GTS-QoL Score [M (P25, P75)]
Obsessive-compulsive	0.40 (0.00, 0.80)	0.40 (0.00, 0.70)	0.40 (0.20, 0.80)	0.20 (0.00, 0.60)	0.40 (0.00, 0.80)
Psychological	0.70 (0.30, 1.50)	0.60 (0.30, 1.30)	1.00 (0.60, 1.60)	0.70 (0.40, 1.20)	0.70 (0.20, 1.50)
Cognitive impact	0.80 (0.30, 1.50)	0.80 (0.30, 1.50)	0.90 (0.50, 1.60)	0.90 (0.80, 1.80)	0.80 (0.30, 1.50)
Physical and activities of daily living	0.40 (0.10, 0.90)	0.40 (0.10, 0.80)	0.50 (0.10, 1.00)	0.40 (0.10, 0.70)	0.40 (0.10, 1.00)
Visual analogue scale	80 (60, 100)	80 (60, 100)	80 (60, 80)	80 (60, 100)	80 (60, 100)
FAD Score [M (P25, P75)]
General functioning	2.00 (1.80, 2.30)	2.00 (1.80, 2.40)	2.00 (1.80, 2.30)	2.20 (1.90, 2.40)	2.00 (1.70, 2.30)
Problem-solving	2.00 (1.80, 2.30)	2.00 (1.80, 2.30)	2.00 (1.80, 2.30)	2.00 (1.80, 2.30)	2.00 (1.80, 2.30)
Communication	2.30 (2.00, 2.60)	2.30 (2.00, 2.60)	2.30 (2.10, 2.70)	2.30 (1.90, 2.60)	2.30 (2.00, 2.60)
Roles	2.20 (2.00, 2.50)	2.20 (2.00, 2.50)	2.20 (1.90, 2.40)	2.20 (2.00, 2.50)	2.20 (1.90, 2.50)
Effective responsiveness	2.30 (2.00, 2.50)	2.30 (2.00, 2.50)	2.20 (1.80, 2.50)	2.30 (2.20, 2.70)	2.20 (1.80, 2.50)
Effective involvement	2.30 (2.10, 2.60)	2.30 (2.10, 2.60)	2.40 (2.00, 2.70)	2.40 (2.30, 2.70)	2.30 (2.00, 2.60)
Behavior control	2.30 (2.10, 2.60)	2.30 (2.10, 2.60)	2.30 (2.00, 2.40)	2.30 (2.10, 2.60)	2.30 (2.10, 2.40)

ADHD: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; YGTSS: Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; GTS-QoL: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-quality of Life Scale; FAD: Family Assessment Device.

Citation: Hu SJ, Li Y, Yang QH, Yang K, Jun JH, Cui YH, Lei TY. Family functioning mediation in tic severity and quality of life for children with Tourette syndrome. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14(11): 1641-1651
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v14/i11/1641.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v14.i11.1641