Tree: Reducing the use of restrictive practices on psychiatric wards through virtual reality immersive technology training

Table 4 Levels of confidence and anxiety

Outcome measures	Sample groups	Baseline	One-month	P value	Effectiveness size	Power
GAD	VR (n = 23), mean (SD)	2.88 (4.13)	3.39 (3.60)	0.341	0.128	0.9577
	TAU (n = 17), mean (SD)	4.32 (51.7)	5.24 (5.56)	0.64	0.0768	0.9951
	VR vs TAU1	-	-	0.702	0.0613	0.9974
GSE	VR (n = 23), mean (SD)	32.17 (4.13)	31.78 (4.31)	0.531	0.0833	0.9996
	TAU (n = 17), mean (SD)	31.14 (3.73)	32.83 (4.75)	0.147	0.237	0.7974
	VR vs TAU1	-	-	0.367	0.143	0.9717

¹Virtual reality vs treatment as usual comparison at one-month.

VR: Virtual reality; TAU: Treatment as usual; GAD: Generalised anxiety disorder assessment; GSE: General self-efficacy.