Influence of the continuing COVID-19 epidemic on sleep quality and psychological status of healthcare workers in private institutions

Table 4 Total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores and 7-component scores

Item	1st stage scores, mean ± SD	2nd stage scores, mean ± SD	Z	P value
PSQI total scores	6.46 ± 2.89	6.27 ± 2.79	-0.625	0.532
Subjective sleep quality	1.24 ± 0.67	1.29 ± 2.73	-1.060	0.289
Sleep latency	1.02 ± 0.80	0.85 ± 0.74	-2.191	0.028a
Sleep duration	1.07 ± 0.85	1.03 ± 1.03	-1.089	0.276
Habitual sleep efficiency	0.22 ± 0.53	0.38 ± 0.87	-1.378	0.168
Sleep disturbances	1.11 ± 0.62	0.97 ± 0.56	-2.367	0.018a
Use of sleep medications	0.16 ± 0.52	0.20 ± 0.48	-1.957	0.050
Daytime dysfunction	1.65 ± 0.80	1.53 ± 0.77	-1.678	0.093

^aP < 0.05.

PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.