Association between inflammatory bowel disease and all-cause dementia: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Figure 4 The inverse variance weighted estimates of inflammatory bowel disease (validation) on dementia. The exposure is inflammatory bowel disease (validation), and the outcome is all-cause dementia and its four subtypes. The inverse variance weighted estimates, presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, are the summed ORs calculated from the individual instrumental variables. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; VaD: Vascular dementia.