Effects of psychological intervention on negative emotions and psychological resilience in breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy

Table 1 Specific psychological intervention measures for postoperative breast cancer patients

Item	Psychological intervention measures
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy	Provide disease handbooks to patients based on their specific conditions, including information on preventive measures, surgical procedures, dietary guidance, chemotherapy-related knowledge, psychological support, and other relevant topics. Ensure that key content is accompanied by detailed illustrations to enhance understanding. Engage in detailed conversations with patients to better understand their cultural background and level of comprehension. Based on this understanding, recommend books that align with their interests and preferences. Offer training in coping strategies tailored to each patient's condition. Select appropriate methods for venting emotions based on the patient's situation. Teach techniques for expressing and communicating feelings effectively. Encourage patients to confide in someone they trust about their innermost worries. Suggest activities such as watching movies they enjoy, writing journals, and maintaining contact with family or friends through WeChat, phone calls, text messages, etc. These activities can help patients cope with their emotions and maintain social connections during their journey
Mindfulness Therapy	Teach techniques for body scanning and guide patients to practice experiencing the interaction between their mind and body through body scanning exercises. This involves mindfully observing and being aware of one's physical sensations and discomfort without rejecting them, allowing oneself to slowly feel and become familiar with the discomfort. Provide mindfulness practices for dealing with thoughts. Teach patients to accept their thoughts with an open attitude, simply being aware of their thoughts without judgment or rejection. Introduce the A-B-C theory of cognition, helping patients identify the thoughts and beliefs that underlie their emotions. Make them aware that it is their cognition that influences their emotional reactions, rather than the events themselves. Teach patients to be mindful of their thoughts and beliefs, and guide them in making appropriate adjustments. Share personal experiences of applying mindfulness in daily life and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Discuss the benefits gained from participating in group therapy sessions
Music Therapy	Starting from admission and the first day after surgery, it is recommended that patients listen to their favorite music for 30 min each morning before 8:00 and again before bedtime at night
Aerobic Exercise	The aerobic exercise program should take into consideration the patient's individual conditions and preferences to develop a reasonable and scientific rehabilitation plan. The main exercise methods should include walking, jogging, cycling, stair climbing, and yoga. Additionally, dance exercises can be incorporated based on simple limb functional exercises. The exercise duration should be controlled at 30 min, with three aerobic exercise sessions per week. Limb exercises should be gradually introduced by nursing staff based on the patient's postoperative wound recovery conditions, with aerobic exercises generally conducted after limb exercises. The exercise content should be shared through WeChat group chats and health education manuals to ensure correct and professional aerobic exercise rehabilitation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the exercise program, detailed records of the aerobic exercises performed by the patient should be maintained. Face-to-face communication should be conducted to understand the patient's subjective feelings and address any nursing issues they may have. Patients and their families should be encouraged to self-evaluate during aerobic exercises and provide timely feedback on any problems encountered. Active cooperation during the intervention period is essential to improve exercise compliance. Due to individual differences among patients, different types of aerobic exercise programs should be developed based on their specific conditions. It is important to follow the principle of gradual progression when arranging exercise plans