Global epidemiology of mental disorder in atrial fibrillation between 1998-2021: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristic of included studies

Ref.	Study year	Study type	Region (country)	Type of MH	Diagnostic criteria of MH	Age (mean ± SD) (yr)1	Generation (yr)	AF (n)	P (MH in AF); Total (M/F) (%)
Thrall et al[20]	-	-	Europe (United Kingdom)	D and A	Depression-BDI; anxiety-STAI	66.30 11	Adult (≥ 18 y)	101	D (38.00); A (28.00/38.00)
Ariansen et al[35]	-	-	Europe (Norway)	D	HADS	-	Adult (≥ 75 y)	27	11.10
Gehi et al[32]	2008-2011	Cohort study	North America (United States)	D and A	Depression-PHQ-9; anxiety-HADS	61.70 13.50	Adult (≥ 18 y)	300	D (50.00); A (17.00)
Ball et al[31]		SAFETY	Oceania (Austria)	D	CES-D	75 13	Adult (≥ 45 y)	335	29.00
Schnabel et al[30]	2007	Population-based Gutenberg Health Study	Europe (Germany)	D	PHQ-9	64.8 8.2	Adult (35-74 y)	309	8.00
Thompson et al[19]	2009-2012	Cohort study	North America (United States)	D and A	Anxiety-HADS-A Depression-PHQ-9	61.60 13.30	Adult (≥ 18 y)	378	D (39.40/16.9); A (17.72)
von Eisenhart Rothe et al[21]	2005-2008	Cross-sectional study	Europe (Germany)	D	MDI scale	-	Adult (≥ 18 y)	702	73.00
Hsu et al[29]	-	Population based community health survey	Asia (China)	D and A	HADS	74.90 6.90	Adult (≥ 65 y)	1732	D (14.00); A (36.00)
Wändell et al[28]	2001-2007	Cohort study	Europe (Sweden)	D and A	ICD-10	-	Adult (≥ 45 y)	12283 (6702/5750)	D (8.50) (6.10/10.90); A (4.03) (2.70/5.40)
Hu et al[12]	2000-2010	Cohort study	Asia (China)	D and A	ICD-9-CM	72.70 13.40	Adult (≥ 18 y)	88259	D (1.57); A (1.06)
Rewiuk et al[13]	2007-2012	Population-based, multicenter study	Europe (The Republic of Poland)	D	GDS	78.0 7.7	Adult (65-104)	788	41.24
Polikandrioti et al[15]	-	-	Europe (Greece)	D and A	HADS	-	Adult (≥ 18 y)	170	Anxiety-low (38.25) (39.80/35.30); anxiety-moderate (26.47) (31.40/15.70); anxiety-high (34.71) (28.80/49.00); depression-low (63.53) (65.80/60.80); depression-moderate (15.29) (14.50/17.60); depression-high (20.00) (19.70/21.60)
Hagengaard et al[16]	2005-2014	Cohort study	Europe (Denmark)	D and A	ICD-10	-	-	146377	D (0.29); A (0.07)
Uchmanowicz et al[17]	2019	Cross-sectional study	Europe (The Republic of Poland)	D	HADS GDS	70.27 3.48	Adult (≥ 65y)	100	Anxiety (HADS 8-10) (22.00); anxiety (HADS 11-21) (20.00); depression (HADS 8-10) (26.00); depression (HADS 11-21) (28.00); depression (GDS 6-15) (51.00)
Krupenin et al[18]	2017-2018	-	Europe (Russia)	D and A	GDS	782	Adult (≥ 65 y)	48	41.67
Wang et al[22]	-	SAGE-AF Study	North America (United States)	D and A	Anxiety-GAD Depression-PHQ-9	76.00 7.00	Adult (≥ 65 y)	1244	D (29.00); A (24.00)
Kim et al[23]	2009-2018	Cohort study	Asia (Korea)	D	ICD-10	46.99 14.06	Adult (≥ 20 y)	5031222	3.00 (1.04/1.92)
Jankowska-Polańska et al[24]	-	Cohort study	Europe (The Republic of Poland)	D and A	HADS	70 7	Adult (≥ 60 y)	158	Depression (8-10) (37.97); depression (11-21) (37.87); anxiety (8-10) (32.91); anxiety (11-21) (48.10)
Feng et al[25]	2006-2008	HUNT study	Europe (Germany)	D and A	HADS	53.4 15.2	Adult (≥ 20y)	37402	D (2.20); A (4.90)
Wändell et al[28]	1998-2012	Cohort study	Europe (Sweden)	D and A	ICD-10	-	Adult (≥ 45 y)	537513 (287959/249554)	D (3.91) (3.46/4.44); A (2.70) (2.23/3.25)
Piwoński et al[27]	-	Cross-sectional study	Europe (The Republic of Poland)	D	BDI	-	Adult (18-79 y)	124 (57/67)	47.58 (43.86/50.75)
Wu et al[33]	2020-2021	-	Asia (China)	D	PHQ-9	-	Adult (≥ 18 y)	329	35.56
Fenger-Grøn et al[34]	2005-2016	-	Europe (Denmark)	D	ICD-8/ICD-10	78.7 10.1	Adult (18-100 y)	147162	12.16
Rosman et al[36]	-	Cohort study	North America (USA)	D and A	ICD-9	30.29 9.19	Adult (18-60 y)	988090	9.04
Zhang et al[37]	2012-2013	Cross-sectional study	Asia (China)	D	PHQ-9	63.3 9.5	Adult (≥ 35 y)	134	63.00

¹Ages in atrial fibrillation patients.

²Median age.

A: Anxiety; AF: Atrial fibrillation; BDI: Beck depression inventory; CES-D: Centre for epidemiological studies depression scale; D: Depression; GAD-7: 7-item generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale; GDS: Geriatric depression scale; HADS: Hospital anxiety and depression scale; HUNT study: The trøndelag health study; ICD: International classification of diseases; MDI: Major depression inventory; MH: Mental health; PHQ: Patient health questionnaire; SAFETY: Standard versus atrial fibrillation specific management study; SAGE-AF: Systematic assessment of geriatric elements in atrial fibrillation; STAI: Stait-trait anxiety inventory.