Nutritional epigenetics education improves diet and attitude of parents of children with autism or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Table 3 Changes in intake of ultra-processed food pre- and post-intervention

Survey questions (questions begin with “During the past month, how many times did you …?”	Pre-intervention		Post-intervention
	Test	Control	Test	Control
…drink a sugar sweetened beverage such as ginger ale, orange soda, fruit punch, root beer, or other soft drink (do not include diet drinks)1	5	8	9	8
…eat canned fruit with syrup or added sugar (applesauce, apricot halves, mixed fruit, pears, cling peaches)?1	9	8	11	10
…eat canned meals (soup, re-fried beans, chili, spaghetti, beef stew, etc.…)?2	8	10	10	11
…eat processed cheese (American, yellow cheddar)?1	3	5	9	6
…eat sweetened or flavored milk products (fruity or sweetened yogurt, pudding cups, chocolate flavored milk, etc.…)?1	8	7	9	7
…eat processed meat (lunch meat, hotdogs, bacon, ham in a can, sausage, beef jerky, etc.)?2	4	7	10	8
…eat ready to eat cereal (corn flakes, rice crisp, corn squares, fruity o’s, oat circles, etc.)?2	3	5	7	3
…eat swordfish or tuna (canned, fresh, or frozen)?1	8	7	9	7
…eat foods fried in vegetable oil such as potato or corn chips, popcorn, French fries, hash browns, fry bread, fast food fried chicken, fish sticks, doughnuts?2	5	6	10	5
…eat food purchased from a drive thru taco or hamburger restaurant, pizza parlor, other chain?1	4	5	9	7
…eat sweet snacks such as candy, cookies, ice cream, popsicle, other sugar sweetened treat (do not include diet)?2	1	6	8	8
…eat grain products made of wheat such as macaroni, bread, hamburger or hotdog buns, or spaghetti?2	4	3	4	2
…eat white rice?2	8	9	8	10
Total diet score	70	86	113	92
mean ± SD	5.385 ± 2.534	6.615 ± 1.895	8.692 ± 1.750	7.077 ± 2.629

¹Score = 1 if “never, rarely (once or twice a month)”.

²Score = 1 if “never, rarely, once a week”.