Randomized control trial of a culturally adapted behavioral activation therapy for Muslim patients with depression in Pakistan

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients stratified by therapy arm

Characteristics		BA-M		TAU		P value
		Mean or count	SD or %	Mean or count	SD or %
Age		32.3	9.6	33.8	11.5	0.437
Gender	Men	17	30%	24	42%	0.242
	Women	40	70%	33	58%
Data site	CCP	18	34%	22	39%	0.880
	PIMH	21	40%	21	37%
	Mayo	14	26%	14	25%
Education	Below primary	6	11%	6	11%	0.300
	Matric	11	20%	14	25%
	FA/A Level	9	16%	12	21%
	Other	24	43%	14	25%
	Middle/secondary	6	11%	11	19%
Marital status	Married	27	47%	19	33%	0.039
	Sep/divorced/widowed	5	9%	15	26%
	Unmarried	25	44%	23	40%
Family system	Nuclear	32	56%	31	54%	0.999
	Joint	25	44%	26	46%
Working status	Yes	25	45%	21	37%	0.514
	No	31	55%	36	63%
SES	Lower class	14	25%	21	37%	0.247
	Middle or upper class	42	75%	36	63%
PHQ (Pre)		19.5	4.9	20.1	4.1	0.487
BADS (Pre)		20.2	8.4	15.6	6.3	0.001
SCL-R (Dep)		41.9	9.9	43.1	8.2	0.506
D1 (Pre)	Physical health	17.9	4.9	14.7	4.8	0.001
D2 (Pre)	Psychological health	12.3	3.3	11.7	3.3	0.333
D3 (Pre)	Social relationships	8.4	2.6	7.9	2.6	0.298
D4 (Pre)	Environment	22.4	5.2	20.0	5.1	0.014

BA-M: Behavioral activation therapy that is culturally adapted for Muslims; TAU: Treatment as usual; CCP: Centre for Clinical Psychology, Lahore; PIMH: Punjab Institute of Mental Health, Lahore; FA/A: Upper secondary level education; PHQ: Patient health questionnaire; BADS: Behavioral activation for depression scale short form; SCL-R: Symptom checklist-revised; D: Domain; Dep: Depression.