Delivering substance use prevention interventions for adolescents in educational settings: A scoping review

Table 1 Multiagent-based adolescent substance use interventions

Implementation subject	Intervention method	Specific measures
Based on social intervention measures	Clarifying the scope of legal substance use and adopting strict regulatory measures	Manage the age, sales timeframe, permissible quantities, and pricing of substances and regulate users[18]
		Levy taxes on the alcohol or tobacco content of goods and tie them to fluctuations in consumer pricing[19]
		Implement and enforce laws mandating a minimum age limit and raise the age threshold for young people to purchase alcoholic beverages[18,23]
		Create community-specific regulations concerning the issuance of tobacco and alcohol licenses to minors and promote their enforcement within localities[24]
Based on family intervention measures	Providing training courses for parents and teenagers	Strong African American Families-Teen program: Deliver skill-building courses and family training sessions spanning 10 h and comprising 5 sessions to both parents and teenagers[29]
		Creating lasting family connections: Offer a 20-wk facilitator training program for parents and teenagers[13]
	Developing intervention plans	Families preparing the new generation plus: Execute a 10-wk prevention plan for nutrition and material use while emphasizing healthy eating and parenting strategies[26]
		Familias Unidas: Enforce a set of intervention measures aimed at enhancing parents’ sense of efficacy and parenting skills (parent support networks), family meetings/home visits, parent-adolescent discussion circles, adolescent activity groups, supervised peer activities, and school counselor meetings)[27]
		Risk reduction therapy for adolescents: Intervention measures conducted by a professional therapist with a relevant master’s degree at an outpatient clinic. Caregivers are obligated to attend a weekly session lasting between 60 min and 90 min[28]
Based on community intervention measures	Providing community intervention programs	Community trials intervention to reduce high-risk drinking: To modify the community’s drinking behavior, offer responsible beverage service, reinforce law enforcement, and set up alcohol checkpoints[13]
		Deliver a 10-wk intervention plan for adolescents using the Health Rocks program and multiple disciplinary literacy strategies. Emphasize the effects of substance abuse on health and require adolescents to attend a one-hour theme-based instruction per week[30]
Based on technology intervention measures	Utilizing innovative intervention methods, such as the internet and big data	CLIMATE: Provide 6 lessons based primarily on social influence theories via CD-ROM and the Web. The lessons provide knowledge about how common substance use is as well as the negative outcomes it can lead to and teach methods to avoid substance use and the subsequent hazards[37]
		HeadOn: Require the involvement of students in decision-making related to substance use through interactive simulation scenarios[38]