Relationship between depression, smartphone addiction, and sleep among Chinese engineering students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 4 Bootstrapping indirect effect and 95% confidence interval for mediation model (n = 692)

Effect path	Estimated effect	P value	Standard errors	95%CI
Total effects	0.180	0.001	0.025	0.134-0.233
Smartphone addiction-depression	0.104	0.001	0.022	0.063-0.149
Smartphone addiction-sleep latency/sleep; disturbances/daytime dysfunction-depression	0.076	0.001	0.012	0.053-0.102
Smartphone addiction-sleep latency-depression	0.014	0.001	0.005	0.006-0.027
Smartphone addiction-sleep disturbances-depression	0.022	0.000	0.007	0.011-0.040
Smartphone addiction-daytime dysfunction-depression	0.040	0.001	0.009	0.024-0.059

Bold represents statistically significant. 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.