Relationship between depression, smartphone addiction, and sleep among Chinese engineering students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of depression, smartphone addiction and sleep (n = 692)

Variables	All		Female		Male		Test statistic	P value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Depression	5.082	4.971	5.425	4.656	4.985	5.056	-0.966	0.335
Smartphone addiction	39.126	11.252	39	10.668	39.161	11.422	0.157	0.876
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	5.496	2.827	5.856	3.023	5.393	2.763	-1.790	0.074
Sleep quality	0.990	0.731	1.059	0.771	0.970	0.718	-1.323	0.186
Sleep latency	0.906	0.858	0.928	0.897	0.900	0.848	-0.360	0.719
Sleep duration	1.009	0.766	1.052	0.768	0.996	0.766	-0.797	0.426
Habitual sleep efficiency	0.201	0.542	0.190	0.483	0.204	0.558	0.293	0.770
Sleep disturbances	0.883	0.574	0.915	0.584	0.874	0.571	-0.784	0.434
Sleep medication	0.104	0.441	0.111	0.467	0.102	0.434	-0.224	0.823
Day dysfunction	1.403	1.007	1.601	1.009	1.347	1.000	-2.771	0.006

Bold represents statistically significant.