Psychiatrists’ occupational stigma conceptualization, measurement, and intervention: A literature review

Table 4 Other intervention strategies

Strategy	Objective
[171]Positive thinking training	Intervene with self-stigma in depressed patients
[172]Positive empathy intervention	Establish a positive emotional connection with stigmatized person to reduce stigma
[173]Cognitive-behavioral intervention	Reduce self-stigma associated with mental illness
[174]Wise intervention	Increase perceived social support; Reduce personal discrimination
[175]Visual information image intervention	Increase sense of support and engagement; Reduce stigma
[176]Work integration	Reduce perceived stigma of workers with serious mental illness
[177-180]Art therapy	Reduce mental illness stigma of adolescents
ACT	Reduce weight stigma[182], substance use disorder stigma[183], and homosexuality stigma[181]
[184]Narrative Therapy	Reduce the level of stigma for patients with permanent enterostomies
[185]Written expression-based emotional intervention	Reduce negative emotion
[186]Sand tray therapy	Improve the development of self-esteem in sexually abused adolescents
[187]CBGT	Reduce the level of stigma in the population of people living with HIV
[188]Intergenerational choir	Reduce the stigma of Alzheimer's patients and increasing positive attitudes
[189]FSM	Reduce stigma and promote mental health help-seeking behavior

ACT: Acceptance and commitment therapy; CBGT: Compassion-based group therapy; FSM: Fresh start mindset framing.