Copyright
©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Psychiatry. May 19, 2023; 13(5): 234-246
Published online May 19, 2023. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.234
Published online May 19, 2023. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.234
Table 2 Change of Borg’s rating of perceived exertion scale and organic acids
Compound | 6-12 scale (n = 10), mean ± SD (range) | 13-20 scale (n = 79), mean ± SD (range) | t | P value | Freedom | Effect size |
Lactic acid | 0.016 (0.013, 0.018), 0.008-0.038 | 0.028 ± 0.024 (0.010-0.150) | -2.933 | 0.006 | 32.954 | -0.295 |
2-OH-isobutyric acid | 0.003 ± 0.002 (0.001-0.006) | 0.005 ± 0.003 (0.002-0.026) | -2.371 | 0.028 | 19.844 | -0.279 |
Glycolic acid | 0.246 ± 0.095 (0.098-0.393) | 0.347 ± 0.115 (0.111-0.617) | -3.086 | 0.009 | 87 | -0.431 |
2-OH-butyric acid | 0.001 ± 0.000 (0.000-0.002) | 0.002 ± 0.001 (0.001-0.008) | -5.425 | 0.000 | 26.692 | -0.517 |
Glyoxylic acid | 0.005 (0.004, 0.007), 0.004-0.010 | 0.009 (0.007, 0.011), 0.004-0.023 | -4.554 | 0.000 | 14.629 | -0.540 |
Oxalic acid | 0.006 ± 0.003 (0.003-0.011) | 0.008 ± 0.005 (0.000-0.031) | -1.382 | 0.182 | 20.192 | -0.166 |
Pyruvic acid | 0.026 ± 0.007 (0.013-0.036) | 0.044 ± 0.021 (0.017-0.149) | -5.621 | 0.000 | 35.797 | -0.503 |
3-OH-butyric acid | 0.092 ± 0.035 (0.053-0.173) | 0.219 ± 0.148 (0.054-1.025) | -2.689 | 0.009 | 87 | -0.508 |
2-OH-isovaleric acid | 0.007 ± 0.003 (0.004-0.013) | 0.014 ± 0.009 (0.003-0.073) | -5.280 | 0.000 | 41.164 | -0.468 |
2-methyl-3-OH-butyric acid | 0.002 (0.002, 0.003), 0.001-0.015 | 0.004 (0.003, 0.006), 0.001-0.012 | -3.159 | 0.002 | 87 | -0.548 |
2-keto-isovaleric acid | 0.001 ± 0.000 (0.000-0.001) | 0.001 ± 0.001 (0.000-0.004) | -3.589 | 0.001 | 87 | -0.614 |
Benzoic acid | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001), 0.001-0.015 | 0.003 ± 0.002 (0.001-0.013) | -2.77 | 0.787 | 9.575 | -0.056 |
2-keto-3-methylvaleric acid | 0.001 ± 0.000 (0.000-0.001) | 0.001 ± 0.001 (0.000-0.006) | -2.869 | 0.005 | 87 | -0.535 |
Maleic acid | 0.001 ± 0.000 (0.000-0.001) | 0.001 ± 0.001 (0.000-0.003) | -4.047 | 0.001 | 16.432 | -0.474 |
Succinic acid | 0.007 ± 0.005 (0.002-0.019) | 0.018 (0.013, 0.022), 0.005-0.032 | -4.814 | 0.000 | 87 | -0.673 |
Glyceric acid | 0.003 ± 0.002 (0.001-0.006) | 0.004 (0.003, 0.007), 0.002-0.014 | -3.959 | 0.001 | 16.204 | -0.468 |
Fumaric acid | 0.019 ± 0.010 (0.004-0.042) | 0.050 ± 0.030 (0.012-0.183) | -3.261 | 0.002 | 87 | -0.573 |
Glutaric acid | 0.002 ± 0.001 (0.000-0.004) | 0.006 (0.004, 0.010), 0.002-0.018 | -4.359 | 0.000 | 87 | -0.684 |
3-methylglutaric acid | 0.003 ± 0.003 (0.001-0.010) | 0.006 (0.004, 0.009), 0.001-0.020 | -3.262 | 0.006 | 13.322 | -0.438 |
3-methylglutaconic acid | 0.006 ± 0.004 (0.002-0.013) | 0.016 ± 0.008 (0.004-0.043) | -6.149 | 0.000 | 19.746 | -0.603 |
Glutaconic acid | 0.006 ± 0.004 (0.001-0.014) | 0.016 ± 0.011 (0.001-0.052) | -2.857 | 0.005 | 87 | -0.516 |
Decanoic acid | 0.000 (0.000, 0.001), 0.000-0.001 | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001), 0.000-0.004 | -2.754 | 0.007 | 87 | -0.486 |
Malic acid | 0.002 (0.002, 0.004), 0.001-0.010 | 0.009 ± 0.008 (0.001-0.057) | -4.364 | 0.000 | 29.065 | -0.429 |
Adipic acid | 0.006 ± 0.007 (0.001-0.024) | 0.019 ± 0.021 (0.003-0.123) | -3.932 | 0.000 | 35.442 | -0.378 |
Creatinine | 2.717 ± 3.056 (0.279-10.426) | 5.955 ± 3.663 (0.012-13.452) | -3.157 | 0.008 | 12.488 | -0.433 |
Mandelic acid | 0.002 ± 0.002 (0.001-0.003) | 0.003 ± 0.001 (0.001-0.007) | -5.460 | 0.000 | 15.516 | -0.598 |
2-OH-glutaric acid | 0.006 ± 0.003 (0.002-0.013) | 0.017 ± 0.009 (0.000-0.044) | -3.867 | 0.000 | 87 | -0.634 |
Pimelic acid | 0.002 ± 0.001 (0.000-0.004) | 0.005 ± 0.003 (0.000-0.014) | -3.978 | 0.000 | 87 | -0.645 |
2-keto-glutaric acid | 0.002 ± 0.003 (0.000-0.009) | 0.020 ± 0.013 (0.000-0.087) | -4.268 | 0.000 | 87 | -0.684 |
Phenylpyruvic acid | 0.013 ± 0.008 (0.005-0.032) | 0.034 (0.023, 0.043), 0.005-0.136 | -7.031 | 0.000 | 31.925 | -0.599 |
Aconitic acid | 0.002 (0.001, 0.012), 0.000-0.028 | 0.053 ± 0.041 (0.001-0.174) | -8.287 | 0.000 | 64.322 | -0.605 |
Vanillic acid | 0.023 ± 0.025 (0.001-0.075) | 0.035 (0.016, 0.080), 0.000-0.357 | -3.146 | 0.004 | 27.007 | -0.330 |
Homovanillic acid | 0.011 (0.007, 0.017), 0.004-0.060 | 0.044 ± 0.022 (0.009-0.129) | -4.900 | 0.000 | 13.464 | -0.588 |
Azelaic acid | 0.008 ± 0.007 (0.000-0.022) | 0.017 ± 0.012 (0.002-0.084) | -3.418 | 0.003 | 16.749 | -0.410 |
Citric acid | 0.001 ± 0.001 (0.000-0.003) | 0.005 ± 0.005 (0.000-0.030) | -2.517 | 0.014 | 87 | -0.487 |
Sebacic acid | 0.078 (0.042, 0.168), 0.023-0.481 | 0.252 ± 0.183 (0.034-1.039) | -2.135 | 0.053 | 12.500 | -0.316 |
Palmitic acid | 0.025 ± 0.007 (0.014-0.033) | 0.040 ± 0.012 (0.024-0.095) | -6.076 | 0.000 | 16.511 | -0.627 |
- Citation: Sang PP, Li J, Tan XD, Peng W, Zhou HH, Tian YP, Zhang ML. Associations between Borg’s rating of perceived exertion and changes in urinary organic acid metabolites after outdoor weight-bearing hiking. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13(5): 234-246
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v13/i5/234.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.234