Relationship between family cohesion/adaptability and postpartum depressive symptoms: A single-center retrospective study

Table 1 Characteristics of participants with and without postpartum depressive symptoms (n = 1446)

Characteristics	With postpartum depressive symptoms (n = 454)		Without postpartum depressive symptoms (n = 992)		χ2	P value
	n	Percent	n	Percent
Age (yr)					2.07	0.354
18–28	181	39.9	365	36.8
29–34	217	47.8	481	48.5
Over 35	56	12.3	146	14.7
Educational level					2.65	0.448
Junior high school or below	67	14.8	122	12.3
Senior high school	90	19.8	208	21.0
College	131	28.9	315	31.8
University and above	166	36.6	347	35.0
Occupation					11.26	0.046
Leadership	6	1.3	26	2.6
Professional and technical personnel	82	18.1	222	22.4
Clerks	96	21.1	225	22.7
Business and service personnel	107	23.6	237	23.9
Unemployed / housewife	150	33.0	262	26.4
Others	13	2.9	20	2.0
Mode of delivery					0.177	0.674
Vaginal delivery	239	52.6	534	53.8
Cesarean section	215	47.4	458	46.2
Gravidity					4.004	0.261
1	201	44.3	389	39.2
2	141	31.1	354	35.7
3	71	15.6	154	15.5
≥ 4	41	9.0	95	9.6
Parity					6.107	0.107
1	269	59.3	521	52.5
2	159	35.0	412	41.5
≥ 3	26	5.7	59	6.0