Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, sex hormones and cognitive decline in male patients with schizophrenia receiving continuous antipsychotic therapy

Table 1 Demographic characteristics, clinical data, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and sex hormones in chronic antipsychotic-treated male patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (mean ± SD)

Variable	CATM patients (n = 120)	Healthy controls (n = 120)	F or χ2 (P value)
Age (yr)	51.0 ± 10.3	52.2 ± 6.4	27.4 (0.28)
Education (years)	9.2 ± 3.0	9.1 ± 2.8	0.8 (0.62)
Smokers (%)	60.8	65.9	0.6 (0.4)
BMI (kg/m2)	25.7 ± 3.4	24.0 ± 2.2	33.5 (< 0.001)
BDNF (ng/mL)	2.5 ± 1.6	9.7 ± 3.2	35.5 (0.00)
FSH (ng/mL)	8.6 ± 6.7	9.0 ± 6.6	0.1 (0.67)
LH (ng/mL)	6.7 ± 3.3	4.9 ± 2.6	1.6 (0.00)
E2 (ng/mL)	40.5 ± 17.1	56.2 ± 24.3	4.5 (0.00)
P (ng/mL)	0.8 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.4	0.2 (0.84)
T (ng/mL)	4.8 ± 1.8	4.0 ± 1.2	2.4 (0.01)
PRL (ng/mL)	25.4 ± 22.4	10.6 ± 5.5	24.1 (0.00)
Age of onset (yr)	22.9 ± 5.8
Duration of illness (yr)	28.0 ± 9.3
PANSS score
Positive symptoms	11.3 ± 4.9
Negative symptoms	20.1 ± 10.0
General psychopathology	31.2 ± 9.0
Total score	62.6 ± 20.2

BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CATM: Chronic antipsychotic-treated male; BMI: Body mass index; FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: Luteinizing hormone; E2: Estradiol; P: Progesterone; T: Testosterone; PRL: Prolactin; PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.