Mental health impact on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations with preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 The quality assessment outcomes using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale

ID	Ref.	Study type	Country	Symptoms			Outcome assessment	NOS score
1	Ballantyne et al[37]	Cross-sectional study	Canada	Depression		Stress	(1) CES-D; and (2) PSS: NICU	****** (6)
2	Baptista et al[48]	Cross-sectional study	Portugal	Psychological problem		Stress	(1) BSI; and (2) Daily hassles questionnaire	***** (5)
3	Barroso et al[38]	Cross sectional study	United States	Depression			EPD-S	****** (6)
4	Bener[60]	Hospital-based study (Cross sectional study)	Qatar	Depression	Anxiety	Stress	(1) DASS-21; (2) DASS-21; and (3) DASS-21	***** (5)
5	Bouras et al[34]	Cross-sectional study	Greece	Depression	Anxiety		(1) BDI; and (2) STAI	****** (6)
6	Brandon et al[39]	descriptive study	United States	Depression	Anxiety	Stress	(1) EPDS; (2) STAI-S; (3) PPQ; and (4) CHWS	******* (7)
7	Carson et al[49]	Cohort study	United Kingdom	Psychological problem			Modified RMI	***** (5)
8	Cheng et al[13]	Cohort study	United States	Depression			CES-D	***** (5)
9	Davis et al[57]	Cross-sectional study	Australia	Depression		Stress	(1) EPDS; and (2) DASS	***** (5)
10	Drewett et al[50]	Cross-sectional study	United Kingdom	Depression			EPDS	***** (5)
11	Edwards et al[58]	Cohort study	Australia	Depression		Parenting stress	(1) EPDS; and (2) PSI	***** (5)
12	Fabiyi et al[40]	Cross-sectional study	United States		(1) State anxiety; and (2) Trait anxiety		STAI	****** (6)
13	Gambina et al[33]	Case-control study	Italy	Depression	(1) State anxiety; and (2) Trait anxiety	Stress	(1) EPDS; (2) STAI-State and STAI-Trait; and (3) PSM	****** (6)
14	Gueron-Sela et al[30]	Cross-sectional study	Israel	Depression		Stress	(1) CES-D; and (2) PSS: NICU	******* (7)
15	Gulamani et al[24]	Cohort study	Pakistan	Depression			EPDS	**** (4)
16	Gungor et al[35]	Case-control study	Turkey	Depression	(1) State anxiety; (2) Trait anxiety		(1) BDI; and (2) STAI	****** (6)
17	Hagan et al[59]	Prospective,randomised, controlled study	Australia	Depression	Anxiety		(1) EPDS; and (2) BDI	****** (6)
18	Henderson et al[51]	Cross-sectional study	United Kingdom	Depression			EPDS	******* (7)
19	Holditch-Davis et al[44]	Cross-sectional study	United States	Depression	Anxiety	Stress	(1) CES-D; (2) STAI; and (3) PSS: NICU	****** (6)
20	Ionio et al[52]	Longitudinal study	Italy	Depression			Profile of mood states	***** (5)
21	Logsdon et al[41]	Descriptive study	United States	Depression			CES-D	****** (6)
22	Misund et al[53]	Longitudinal study	Norway	Psychological distress	Anxiety	Trauma-related stress	(1) GHQ likert sum and case sum; (2) STAI-X1; and (3) Impact of Event Scale (IES)	****** (6)
23	Misund et al[53]	Cohort study	Norway	Psychological distress	Anxiety	Trauma-related stress	(1) GHQ likert sum and case sum; (2) STAI-X1; and (3) IES	***** (5)
24	Pace et al[32]	Longitudinal, prospective, follow-up cohort study	Australia	Depression	Anxiety		(1) CES-D; and (2) Hospital anxiety and depression scale	****** (6)
25	Rogers et al[42]	Cohort study	US	Depression	Anxiety		(1) EPDS; and (2) STAI	***** (5)
26	Sharan et al[61]	Cross-sectional study	Israel	Depression			EPDS	****** (6)
27	Shaw et al[43]	Cross-sectional study	US	Depression	Anxiety	Stress	(1) BDI-II; (2) BAI; and (3) SASRQ	****** (6)
28	Trumello et al[54]	Longitudinal study	Italy	Depression	1) State anxiety2) Trait anxiety		(1) EPDS; and (2) STAI-State Y1 and Y2	******* (7)
29	Holditch-Davis et al[44]	Longitudinal study	US	Depression	1) State anxiety	Stress	(1) CESD; (2) STAI; (3) PSS: NICU; and (4) PSS:PBC	****** (6)
30	Mautner et al[55]	Prospective, longitudinal study	Austria	Depression			EPDS	****** (6)
31	Gray et al[28]	Cross-sectional study	Australia	Depression		Parenting stress	(1) EPDS; and (2) PSI-SF	****** (6)
32	Gray et al[29]	Cross-sectional study	Australia	Depression		Parenting stress	(1) EPDS; and (2) PSI-SF	****** (6)
33	Howe et al[62]	Cross-sectional study	Taiwan			Parenting stress	PSI-Chinese version	****** (6)
34	Miles et al[45]	Longitudial, descriptive study	United States	Depression			CES-D	***** (5)
35	Mew et al[46]	Correlational analysis	United States	Depression			CES-D	***** (5)
36	Madu and Roos[31]	Cross-sectional study	South Africa	Depression			EPDS	****** (6)
37	Suttora et al[36]	Decriptive study	Italy			(1) PTSD; and (2) Parenting stress	(1) PPQ-Modified version; and (2) PSI-SF	***** (5)
38	Korja et al[56]	Cross-sectional study	Finland	Depression			EPDS	****** (6)
39	Younger et al[47]	Decriptive correlational study	United States	Depression		Stress	(1) CES-D; and (2) MSI	****** (6)

*: Quality of the included cross-sectional studies was measured using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Measurement Scale specific for Cross-sectional studies. We rated the quality of the studies (good, fair and poor) by allocating each domain with stars in this manner: A good quality score was awarded 3 or 4 stars in selection, 1 or 2 in comparability, and 2 or 3 stars in outcomes; A fair quality score was awarded 2 stars in selection, 1 or 2 stars in comparability, and 2 or 3 stars in outcomes; A poor quality score was allocated 0 or 1 star(s) in selection, 0 stars in comparability, and 0 or 1 star(s) in outcomes domain in line with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale guidelines. NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; CES-D: Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression; BDI: Beck’s Depression Inventory; POMS: Profile of Mood States; PSI: Parent Stress Index; PPQ: Professional Personality Questionnaire; PSM: Perceived Stress Measure.