Mental health impact on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations with preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Key features of the studies included in the systematic review

ID	Ref.	Study type	Country	Symptoms			Outcome assessment1
1	Ballantyne et al[37]	Cross-sectional study	Canada	Depression		Stress	(1) CES-D; and (2) PSS: NICU
2	Baptista et al[48]	Cross-sectional study	Portugal	Psychological problem		Stress	(1) BSI; and (2) Daily hassles questionnaire
3	Barroso et al[38]	Cross sectional study	United States	Depression			EPD-S
4	Bener[60]	Hospital-based study (cross sectional study)	Qatar	Depression	Anxiety	Stress	(1) DASS-21; (2) DASS-21; and (3) DASS-21
5	Bouras et al[34]	Cross-sectional study	Greece	Depression	Anxiety		(1) BDI; and (2) STAI
6	Brandon et al[39]	Descriptive study	United States	Depression	Anxiety	Stress	(1) EPDS; (2) STAI-S; (3) PPQ; and (4) CHWS
7	Carson et al[49]	Cohort study	United Kingdom	Psychological problem			Modified RMI
8	Cheng et al[13]	Cohort study	United States	Depression			CES-D
9	Davis et al[57]	Cross-sectional study	Australia	Depression		Stress	(1) EPDS; and (2) DASS
10	Drewett et al[50]	Cross-sectional study	United Kingdom	Depression			EPDS
11	Edwards et al[58]	Cohort study	Australia	Depression		Parenting stress	(1) EPDS; and (2) PSI
12	Fabiyi et al[40]	Cross-sectional study	United States		(1) State anxiety; and (2) Trait anxiety		STAI
13	Gambina et al[33]	Case-control study	Italy	Depression	(1) State anxiety; and (2) Trait anxiety	Stress	(1) EPDS; (2) STAI-State and STAI-Trait; and (3) PSM
14	Gueron-Sela et al[30]	Cross-sectional study	Israel	Depression		Stress	(1) CES-D; and (2) PSS: NICU
15	Gulamani et al[24]	Cohort study	Pakistan	Depression			EPDS
16	Gungor et al[35]	Case-control study	Turkey	Depression	(1) State anxiety; (2) Trait anxiety		(1) BDI; and (2) STAI
17	Hagan et al[59]	Prospective, randomised, controlled study	Australia	Depression	Anxiety		(1) EPDS; and (2) BDI
18	Henderson et al[51]	Cross-sectional study	United Kingdom	Depression			EPDS
19	Holditch-Davis et al[44]	Cross-sectional study	United States	Depression	Anxiety	Stress	(1) CES-D; (2) STAI; and (3) PSS: NICU
20	Ionio et al[52]	Longitudinal study	Italy	Depression			Profile of mood states
21	Logsdon et al[41]	Descriptive study	United States	Depression			CES-D
22	Misund et al[53]	Longitudinal study	Norway	Psychological distress	Anxiety	Trauma-related stress	(1) GHQ likert sum and case sum; (2) STAI-X1; and (3) Impact of event scale (IES)
23	Misund et al[53]	Cohort study	Norway	Psychological distress	Anxiety	Trauma-related stress	(1) GHQ likert sum and case sum; (2) STAI-X1; and (3) IES
24	Pace et al[32]	Longitudinal, prospective, follow-up cohort study	Australia	Depression	Anxiety		(1) CES-D; and (2) Hospital anxiety and depression scale
25	Rogers et al[42]	Cohort study	United States	Depression	Anxiety		(1) EPDS; and (2) STAI
26	Sharan et al[61]	Cross-sectional study	Israel	Depression			EPDS
27	Shaw et al[43]	Cross-sectional study	United States	Depression	Anxiety	Stress	(1) BDI-II; (2) BAI; and (3) SASRQ
28	Trumello et al[54]	Longitudinal study	Italy	Depression	(1) State anxiety; and (2) Trait anxiety		(1) EPDS; and (2) STAI-State Y1 and Y2
29	Holditch-Davis et al[44]	Longitudinal study	United States	Depression	State anxiety	Stress	(1) CESD; (2) STAI; (3) PSS: NICU; and (4) PSS:PBC
30	Mautner et al[55]	Prospective, longitudinal study	Austria	Depression			EPDS
31	Gray et al[28]	Cross-sectional study	Australia	Depression		Parenting stress	(1) EPDS; and (2) PSI-SF
32	Gray et al[29]	Cross-sectional study	Australia	Depression		Parenting stress	(1) EPDS; and (2) PSI-SF
33	Howe et al[62]	Cross-sectional study	Taiwan			Parenting stress	PSI-Chinese version
34	Miles et al[45]	Longitudinal, descriptive study	United States	Depression			CES-D
35	Mew et al[46]	Correlational analysis	United States	Depression			CES-D
36	Madu and Roos[31]	Cross-sectional study	South Africa	Depression			EPDS
37	Suttora et al[36]	Descriptive study	Italy			(1) PTSD; and (2) Parenting stress	(1) PPQ-Modified version; and (2) PSI-SF
38	Korja et al[56]	Cross-sectional study	Finland	Depression			EPDS
39	Younger et al[47]	Descriptive correlational study	United States	Depression		Stress	(1) CES-D; and (2) MSI

¹Outcome assessment scales: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression; Beck’s Depression Inventory; Profile of Mood States; Parent Stress Index; Professional Personality Questionnaire; Perceived Stress Measure. EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; CES-D: Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression; BDI: Beck’s Depression Inventory; POMS: Profile of Mood States; PSI: Parent Stress Index; PPQ: Professional Personality Questionnaire; PSM: Perceived Stress Measure.