Cardiotoxicity of current antipsychotics: Newer antipsychotics or adjunct therapy?

Table 1 Therapeutic agents for potential adjunct therapy in combination with existing antipsychotics

Therapeutic agents	Beneficial effect	Ref.
β-adrenal receptor blockers	Alleviating tachycardia and myocarditis	[3,4]
CB1R antagonists	Suppressing inflammation, ameliorating myocardial fibrosis	[5,6]
CB2R agonists	Suppressing inflammation, ameliorating myocardial fibrosis	[5,6]
Spliceosome inhibitors (e.g., pladienolide B)	Inhibition of SGAs-induced alternative splicing events and consequent amelioration of inflammation and myocardial cell death	[10]
ACEIs (e.g., captopril)	Oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine inhibitors	[11-13]
ω-3 PUFAs	Anti-arrhythmia	[15]

ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; PUFAs: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; SGA: Second-generation antipsychotics; CB1R: Cannabinoid 1 receptor; CB2R: Cannabinoid 2 receptor.