Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Psychiatry. Aug 19, 2022; 12(8): 1031-1043
Published online Aug 19, 2022. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i8.1031
Table 1 Measurement of variables
Factors
Measurement
Characteristics
Demographic factorsSexMale or female
Age60-74, 75+
Mainly used handLeft hand or right hand
Education levelMiddle school graduate and below or high school graduate and above
Family history of the diseaseParkinson's disease; Alzheimer's diseaseYes or no; Yes or no
Health behaviorsPack-years (smoking)Non-smoking, 1-20, 21-40, 41-60, or ≥ 61 pack-years
Coffee-drinkingYes or no
Mean coffee intake per day (cups/d)No, ≤ 1, 2-3, or ≥ 4 cups
Coffee drinking period (yr)No, ≤ 5, 6-9, or ≥ 10
Disease historyCarbon monoxide poisoningYes or no
DiabetesYes or no
AlcoholismYes or no
HyperlipidemiaYes or no
Traumatic brain injuryYes or no
HypertensionYes or no
Exercise characteristics related to Parkinson's disease relatedmotor signsTremorYes or no
RigidityYes or no
Akinesia/bradykinesiaYes or no
Postural instabilityYes or no
Late motor complicationsYes or no
Neuropsychological testK-MoCAContinuous variable
K-MMSEContinuous variable
Global CDR scoreContinuous variable
Sum of boxes in CDRContinuous variable
Hoehn and Yahr stagingContinuous variable
UPDRS (Total UPDRS score)Continuous variable
UPDRS (Motor UPDRS score)Continuous variable
K-IADLContinuous variable
Schwab and England ADLContinuous variable