Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome: An evidence-based survey in a Chinese population

Table 1 Basic clinical characteristics of patients with treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome and non-treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome patients

Related variable	TRTS (n = 64)	Non-TRTS (n = 62)	t/χ2	P value
Sex (male percentage)	48 (75.0%)	44 (71.0%)	0.26	0.61
Age	9.64 ± 3.01	8.82 ± 2.63	1.63	0.11
Onset age	5.12 ± 2.81	7.29 ± 3.67	-3.73c	< 0.001
Duration of illness	4.39 ± 2.17	3.27 ± 2.93	2.43a	0.02
Caused by psychosocial factors	34 (53.1%)	16 (25.8%)	9.82c	< 0.001
Caused by physiological factors	32 (50.0%)	24 (38.7%)	1.63	0.20
Coprolalia	30 (46.9%)	10 (16.1%)	13.74c	< 0.001
Function impairment	46 (71.9%)	28 (45.2%)	9.27c	< 0.001
Family of TS history	16 (25%)	6 (9.7%)	5.13a	0.02
YGTSS total	66.35 ± 4.61	39.58 ± 3.97	34.88c	< 0.001
YGTSS severity total	40.41 ± 3.51	21.32 ± 2.78	33.77c	< 0.001
Impairment	25.94 ± 3.89	18.26 ± 2.21	13.57c	< 0.001
PUTS	26.23 ± 3.28	18.33 ± 2.76	14.61c	< 0.001
IQ	92.42 ± 7.63	101.05 ± 10.03	5.45c	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05.

^cP < 0.001.

TRTS: Treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome; YGTSS: Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; PUTS: Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale; IQ: Intelligence quotient.