Effects of mindfulness-based intervention programs on sleep among people with common mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 5 Overall effects of different interventions

Ref.	Mindfulness-based program	k	Subjects, n	SMD (95%CI)	P value	Overall SMD (95%CI)	Overall P value	Q
Wahbeh[29], 2018	IMMI	2	124	-0.881 (-1.531 to -0.231)	0.008	-0.618 (-0.980 to -0.257)	0.001	0.912 (P = 0.34)
Boettcher et al[50], 2014				-0.500 (-0.935 to -0.066)	0.024
Wahbeh et al[47], 2016	MM	2	86	-0.267 (-0.814 to 0.279)	0.337	-0.264 (-0.699 to 0.172)	0.236	0.001 (P = 0.981)
Pinniger et al[46], 2013				-0.257 (-0.978 to 0.464)	0.485
Britton et al[48], 2010	MBCT	2	43	-1.073 (-1.953 to -0.192)	0.017	-1.003 (-1.645 to -0.360)	0.002	0.052 (P = 0.82)
Britton et al[49], 2012				-0.923 (-1.862 to 0.016)	0.054
Hoge et al[52], 2013	MBSR	3	187	-0.449 (-0.942 to 0.043)	0.074	-0.551 (-0.842 to -0.260)	< 0.0001	0.332 (P = 0.847)
Horenstein et al[45], 2019				-0.555 (-1.056 to -0.053)	0.03
Vøllestad et al[51], 2011				-0.660 (-1.178 to -0.141)	0.013
Stötter et al[31], 2013	MBTT	1	28	-1.138 (-1.937 to -0.340)	0.005	-1.138 (-1.937 to -0.340)	0.005	0 (P = 1)

CI: Confidence interval; IMMI: Internet mindfulness meditation intervention; MBCT: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy; MBSR: Mindfulness-based stress reduction; MBTT: Mindfulness-based touch therapy; MM: Mindfulness meditation; SMD: Standardised mean difference.