Psychiatric comorbidities in cancer survivors across tumor subtypes: A systematic review

Table 2 Summary of findings for included articles, organized by tumor subtypes

No.	Ref./country	Tumor site	Number of participants/gender/age in years	Time since diagnosis	Parameters and tests (related to psychiatric disorders)	Key results: Prevalence of clinical levels of: Anxiety/depression/PTSD/comorbid anxiety-depression	Possible bias
1	Alexander et al[26], 2010; United Kingdom	Breast	n = 200; 100% female; mean: 58.1, range: 29-89	Mean time since last treatment: 10.1 mo	EDS; HADS; SCID	Depression: 9%; anxiety: 3.5%; comorbid: 1.5	Selection bias; response bias
2	Amir et al[28], 2002; Israel	Breast	n = 39; 100% female; range: 37-60	≥ 5 yr	PTSD-scale; SCL-90	Full PTSD: 18%; partial PTSD: 56% (additional)	Selection bias; response bias
3	Mehnert et al[25], 2008; Germany	Breast	n = 1083; 100% female; mean: 61.8, range: 31-81	Average: 47 mo	HADS; PCL-C	Moderate to high anxiety: 38% (high: 20.1%); moderate to high depression: 22% (high: 11.3%); PTSD: 12%	Selection bias; response bias
4	Qiu et al[42], 2012; China	Breast	n = 505; 100% female; mean: 52.02	Mean time after surgery: 17.6 mo	BDI; MINI	Depression: 20.59%	Response bias; performance bias
5	Vazquez et al[16], 2020; United States	Breast	n = 700; 100% female; median: 37, range: 17-40	144 d: HADS; 30 mo (PCL-S)	PCL-S; HADS	PTSS: 6.3%; depression: 8%; anxiety: 23%	Selection bias; response bias
6	Dahl et al[24], 2005; Norway	Testicular	n = 1408; 100% male; mean: 44.6	Mean: 11.3 yr	HADS	Anxiety: 19.2%; depression: 9.7%; comorbid: 6.8%	Selection bias; response bias
7	Dahl et al[17], 2016; Norway	Testicular	n = 1418; 100% male; mean: 44.6	Mean: 11 yr	IES	Full PTSD: 4.5%; partial PTSD: 6.4%; probable PTSD (combination of the 2): 10.9%	Selection bias; response bias
8	Fosså et al[43], 2003; Norway	Testicular	n = 791; 100% male; median: 44, range: 23-75	Median: 12 yr	HADS	Anxiety: 19%; depression: 9%	Selection bias; response bias
9	Thorsen et al[15], 2005; Norway	Testicular	n = 1260; 100% male; median: 42	Mean: 11 years	HADS	Anxiety: 20.2%; depression 9.7%	Selection bias; response bias
10	Vehling et al[19], 2016; Germany	Testicular	n = 164; 100% male; mean: 44.4	Mean: 11.6 yr	GAD-7; PHQ-9	Anxiety: 6.1%; depression: 7.9%	Selection bias; response bias
11	Chen et al[33], 2013; United States	Head and neck	n = 211; 58% male; median: 57, range: 21-93	Disease free at least 1 yr	UW-QOL	Depression: 17%	Response bias
12	Lambert et al[21], 2005; United States	Head and neck	n = 694; 84.6% male; mean: 61.8	At least 6 mo	GDS-SF	Depression: 44.1%	Selection bias; response bias
13	Moschopoulou et al[44], 2018; United Kingdom	Head and neck	n = 93; 58.1% male; mean: 66	Mean: 6 yr	PCL-C	PTSD: 11.8%	Selection bias; response bias
14	Black et al[45], 2005; United Kingdom	Hodgkin’s lymphoma non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma; acute leukemia	n = 36; 50% female; adults	? - complete remission	PCL-C	PTSD: 17%	Selection bias; response bias
15	Daniëls et al[46], 2014; The Netherlands	Hodgkin’s lymphoma	n = 180; 55% male; median: 46	Mean: 4.6 yr	HADS	Anxiety: 23%; depression: 18%	Selection bias; response bias
16	Geffen et al[35], 2003; Israel	Hodgkin’s lymphoma; non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma	HD: n = 8; nHL: n = 36; 46% male; median: 51; range: 27-80	At least 2 yr after treatment completion	PTSD-inventory scale	Full or partial PTSD: 32%; full PTSD: 18%; partial PTSD: 13% (additional)	Selection bias; response bias
17	Kuba et al[47], 2019; Germany	Hematological	n = 922; 57% male; range: 18-85	3 yr	PHQ-9; GAD-7	Anxiety: 9%; depression: 15%	Selection bias; response bias
18	Han et al[22], 2013; Korea	Stomach	n = 391; 72.9% male; mean: 54.5	Mean (time since operation): 27.4 mo	BDI	Depression: 43.9%	Selection bias; response bias
19	Hanprasertpong et al[48], 2017; Thailand	Cervical	n = 700; 100% female; mean: 53	Completion of treatment 3 mo - 10 yr before study	HADS	Anxiety: 20.46%; depression: 9.44%	Selection bias; response bias
20	Urbaniec et al[18], 2011; Australia	Gynecological	n = 45; 100% female; mean: 56.7, range: 23-83	Mean: 4 yr; range: 0.9-11.6 yr	BDI-II; SAI; IES-Revised	Anxiety: 28.9%; depression: 20%; probable PTSD: 15.6	Selection bias; response bias
21	Krajewski et al[49], 2018; Germany	Melanoma	n = 561; 51.2% male; mean: 62.1	4 yr	HADS	Anxiety: 10.2%; depression: 10.3%	Selection bias; response bias
22	Rogiers et al[27], 2020; Belgium	Melanoma	n =25; 28% male; median: 58, range: 28-86	Median: 30 mo	SCID-IV-CV; HADS	HADS: Anxiety: 32%; depression: 20%; comorbid: 12%. SCID: PTSD: 48%; depression: 0%	Selection bias; response bias; performance bias
23	Rogiers et al[14], 2020; Belgium	Melanoma	n = 17; 29% male; median: 57, range: 33-86	Median: 5.6 yr	SCID-IV-CV; HADS	HADS: Anxiety: 35%; depression: 41%; comorbid: 30%. Interview: PTSD: 35%; depression: 11.76%	Selection bias; response bias; performance bias
24	Nicol et al[23], 2019; Australia	Brain	n = 65; 35.4% male; mean: 49.97; range: 22-75	Mean: 5.29 yr	DASS-Depression; GAD-7	Anxiety: 58.5%; depression: 43.1%	Selection bias; response bias
25	Recklitis et al[50], 2014; United States	Prostate	n = 693; 100% male; mean: 67.1	Range: 3-8 yr	GDS-15	Depression: 15%	Selection bias; response bias
26	Uchitomi et al[51], 2003; Japan	Lung	n = 212; 60.4% male; mean: 62.1, range: 22-83	1 mo after surgery	SCID, Revised; POMS scale	Depression: 8%	Selection bias; performance bias

EDS: Edinburgh Depression Scale; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SCID: Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; POMS: Profiles of Mood States; GDS-15: Geriatric Depression Scale-15; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7; SCID-IV-CV: Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Clinical Version; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; SAI: Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory; IES: Impact of Event Scale; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionaire-9; PTSD: Posttraumatic stress disorder; UW-QOL: The University of Washington Quality of Life; GDS-SF: Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form; PCL-C: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version; MINI: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; PCL-S: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Specific.