Trends in suicide by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation in Serbia, 1991-2020: A joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis

Table 3 Joinpoint analysis: Trends¹ in age-specific suicide mortality rates (per 100000) by hanging/strangulation/suffocation in Serbia, by sexes, 1991-2020

Age2	Males		Females
	Period	APC (95%CI)	Period	APC (95%CI)
10-19	1991-2020	-2.81 (-4.4 to -1.0)	3
20-29	1991-2020	-1.21 (-2.1 to -0.3)	3
30-39	1991-2014	-0.1 (-1.0 to +0.7)	1991-2020	-2.21 (-3.3 to -1.1)
	2014-2020	-7.71 (-13.5 to -1.5)
	Full period4	-1.11 (-1.7 to -0.4)
40-49	1991-2011	+0.3 (-0.9 to +1.4)	1991-2020	-3.21 (-4.4 to -2.1)
	2011-2020	-4.91 (-8.5 to -1.1)
	Full period	-1.01 (-1.7 to -0.2)
50-59	1991-2020	-0.81 (-1.3 to -0.4)	1991-2020	-3.21 (-4.0 to -2.5)
60-69	1991-2020	-2.31 (-2.8 to -1.8)	1991-2008	-2.21 (-3.8 to -0.6)
			2008-2020	-7.61 (-10.1 to -5.0)
			Full period	-4.31 (-5.1 to -3.5)
70-79	1991-2020	-3.11 (-3.6 to -2.5)	1991-2020	-4.71 (-5.5 to -3.9)
80+	1991-2020	-3.21 (-3.7 to -2.7)	1991-2020	-3.81 (-4.9 to -2.8)
All ages	1991-2012	-1.21 (-1.6 to -0.9)	1991-2020	-3.51 (-3.9 to -3.1)
	2012-2020	-3.71 (-5.2 to -2.3)
	Full period	-1.71 (-2.0 to -1.4)

¹Statistically significant trend.

²Joinpoint results are not shown for the subgroups aged < 10 yr, because during the observed period, a total of 1 case of suicide by hanging/ strangulation/suffocation deaths occurred in men and 1 case in women.

³Incalculable: Joinpoint results are not shown because fewer than 10 cases of suicide by hanging/strangulation/suffocation occurred in each of the decennium in any year.

⁴For full period presented average annual percent change.

APC: Annual percent change; CI: Confidence interval.