Personality traits and self-harm behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents: The mediating effect of psychological resilience

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression fitting results for associated factors of self-harm

Variable	Univariate model; Crude OR (90%CI)	Multivariate model 1; Adjusted OR (95%CI)	Multivariate model 2; Adjusted OR (95%CI)	Multivariate model 3; Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Age: +1 yr	1.20 (1.14-1.27)	1.00 (0.93-1.08)	1.03 (0.95-1.11)	1.01 (0.94-1.09)
Sex (Ref: Boys): Girls	1.22 (1.01-1.46)	0.98 (0.75-1.28)	1.09 (0.89-1.34)	0.98 (0.76-1.27)
Grade (Ref: Primary school)
Junior high school	2.64 (2.11-3.31)	1.81 (1.23-2.67)	2.18 (1.49-3.19)	1.82 (1.24-2.69)
Senior high school	2.65 (2.01-3.48)	1.43 (0.89-2.30)	2.12 (1.29-3.49)	1.51 (0.93-2.46)
Depression (Ref: PHQ9 < 10): PHQ9 ≥ 10	8.53 (6.29-11.59)	2.21 (1.49-3.27)	3.30 (2.56-4.82)	2.18 (1.47-3.23)
Anxiety (Ref: GAD7 < 7): GAD7 ≥ 7	5.52 (4.55-6.69)	1.43 (1.14-1.78)	2.28 (1.84-2.83)	1.37 (1.10-1.70)
Personality traits
EPQ-E (Ref: Typical extroversion, score E > 61.5)
Extroversion (56.7 < score E ≤ 61.5)	1.07 (0.94-1.22)	1.10 (0.90-1.34)		1.05 (0.85-1.29)
Intermediate (43.3 < score E ≤ 56.7)	1.34 (1.16-1.55)	1.29 (1.06-1.57)		1.13 (0.92-1.40)
Introversion (38.5 < score E ≤ 43.3)	1.57 (1.26-1.95)	1.50 (1.17-1.91)		1.21 (0.94-1.54)
Typical introversion (score E ≤ 38.5)	1.61 (1.26-2.04)	1.90 (1.41-2.56)		1.46 (1.14-1.87)
EPQ-N (Ref: Typical neuroticism, score N > 61.5)
Neuroticism (56.7 < score N ≤ 61.5)	0.42 (0.33-0.52)	0.63 (0.45-0.88)		0.64 (0.45-0.91)
Intermediate (43.3 < score N ≤ 56.7)	0.23 (0.20-0.27)	0.45 (0.34-0.60)		0.50 (0.37-0.67)
Non-neuroticism (38.5 < score N ≤ 43.3)	0.14 (0.11-0.18)	0.31 (0.21-0.46)		0.36 (0.24-0.54)
Typical non-neuroticism (score N ≤ 38.5)	0.06 (0.05-0.08)	0.16 (0.11-0.22)		0.19 (0.13-0.26)
EPQ-P (Ref: Typical psychoticism, score P > 61.5)
Psychoticism (56.7 < score P ≤ 61.5)	0.67 (0.51-0.90)	0.83 (0.61-1.13)		0.86 (0.62-1.19)
Intermediate (43.3 < score P ≤ 56.7)	0.33 (0.24-0.44)	0.66 (0.47-0.93)		0.73 (0.51-1.03)
Non-psychoticism (38.5 < score P ≤ 43.3)	0.12 (0.09-0.17)	0.36 (0.26-0.50)		0.42 (0.30-0.58)
Typical non-psychoticism (score P ≤ 38.5)	0.06 (0.04-0.09)	0.25 (0.14-0.42)		0.29 (0.17-0.51)
Resilience (Ref: RSCA < 89): RSCA ≥ 89	0.32 (0.27-0.36)		0.42 (0.36-0.50)	0.63 (0.52-0.77)

SH: Self-harm; E: Extraversion; N: Neuroticism; P: Psychoticism; RSCA: Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents.