Clinical high-risk criteria of psychosis in 8–17-year-old community subjects and inpatients not suspected of developing psychosis

Table 8 Severity of clinical high-risk criteria and symptoms (mean ± SD, median) in the four diagnostic subsamples and the community sample (N = 539)

	ED (n = 97)	ADHD (n = 86)	AnxD and OCD (n = 94)	ASS (n = 29)	Community subjects (n = 233)	Kruskal–Wallis (results of posthoc Mann–Whitney tests)
Sum score of SIPS positive items	2.1 ± 2.4, 1	2.0 ± 2.1, 1	3.1 ± 2.6, 2	3.3 ± 3.3, 2	2.1 ± 2.3, 1	χ² (4) = 18.866, cP = 0.001 (AnxD and OCD>ED = ADHD = GPS)
Sum score of COGDIS	0.8 ± 2.1, 0	0.5 ± 1.7, 0	1.2 ± 3.5, 0	0.7 ± 1.7, 0	0.4 ± 1.2, 0	χ² (4) = 7.692, P = 0.104
Sum score of COPER	1.8 ± 3.6, 0	1.1 ± 3.3, 0	2.2 ± 4.2, 0	1.1 ± 1.7, 0	0.6 ± 1.7, 0	χ² (4) = 26.988, cP < 0.001 (ED = AnxD and OCD = ASS > GPS; AnxD and OCD = ED > ADHD)
P1: Unusual thought content	0.8 ± 0.9, 1	0.7 ± 0.9, 1	1.2 ± 1.1, 1	1.2 ± 1.3, 1	0.8 ± 0.9, 1	χ² (4) = 12.397, aP = 0.015 (AnxD and OCD > ED = ADHD = GPS)
P2: Suspicious-ness/persecutory ideas	0.4 ± 0.8, 0	0.2 ± 0.6, 0	0.5 ± 0.9, 0	0.7 ± 1.1, 0	0.2 ± 0.6, 0	χ² (4) = 30.502, cP < 0.001 (ASS = AnxD and OCD = ED > GPS; AnxD and OCD = ASS > ADHD)
P3: Grandiose ideas	0.1 ± 0.3, 0	0.1 ± 0.2, 0	0.2 ± 0.5, 0	0.1 ± 0.3, 0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	χ² (4) = 4.029, P = 0.402
P4: Perceptual abnormalities	0.8 ± 1.3, 0	1.0 ± 1.5, 0	1.2 ± 1.4, 1	1.3 ± 1.6, 1	1.0 ± 1.2, 0	χ² (4) = 6.391, P = 0.172
P5: Disorganized communication	0.0 ± 0.2, 0	0.0 ± 0.2, 0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	0.1 ± 0.3, 0	0.1 ± 0.3, 0	χ² (4) = 3.129, P = 0.539
Inability to divide attention	0.0 ± 0.4, 0	0	0.1 ± 0.9, 0	0	0	χ² (4) = 6.537, P = 0.163
Captivation of attention	0	0	0.0 ± 0.2, 0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	0.0 ± 0.3, 0	χ² (4) = 9.749, aP = 0.045 (ASS > ED = ADHD)
Disturbance of expressive speech	0.2 ± 0.9, 0	0.1 ± 0.6, 0	0.2 ± 1.0, 0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	χ² (4) = 0.675, P = 0.954
Disturbance of abstract thinking1	0	0	0	0	0.0 ± 0.1, 0	χ² (4) = 2.632, P = 0.621
Thought interference	0.1 ± 0.5, 0	0.1 ± 0.5, 0	0.1 ± 0.6, 0	0.3 ± 1.0, 0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	χ² (4) = 7.912, P = 0.095
Thought blockages1	0.2 ± 0.8, 0	0.2 ± 0.9, 0	0.3 ± 1.0, 0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	0.1 ± 0.6, 0	χ² (4) = 2.048, P = 0.727
Thought pressure	0.3 ± 0.9, 0	0.1 ± 0.6, 0	0.4 ± 1.2, 0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	0.1 ± 0.5, 0	χ² (4) = 10.944, aP = 0.027 (ED = AnxD and OCD > GPS)
Disturbance of receptive speech	0.0 ± 0.1, 0	0.0 ± 0.2, 0	0.1 ± 0.5, 0	0	0.0 ± 0.07, 0	χ² (4) = 5.047, P = 0. 283
Unstable ideas of reference	0.1 ± 0.3, 0	0	0.0 ± 0.1, 0	0	0.0 ± 0.2, 0	χ² (4) = 6.643, P = 0.156
Impaired discrimination between	0.0 ± 0.3, 0	0.1 ± 0.7, 0	0.2 ± 0.7, 0	0	0.0 ± 0.3, 0	χ² (4) = 7.344, P = 0.119
Thought perseveration	0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	0.0 ± 0.1, 0	0.0 ± 0.2, 0	χ² (4) = 3.954, P = 0.412
Derealization	0.4 ± 1.1, 0	0.1 ± 0.7, 0	0.6 ± 1.5, 0	0.2 ± 0.7, 0	0.0 ± 0.2, 0	χ² (4) = 32.930, cP < 0.001 (ED = AnxD and OCD > ADHD = GPS)
Visual perception disturbances	0.4 ± 1.2, 0	0.3 ± 1.2, 0	0.3 ± 1.0, 0	0.3 ± 0.7, 0	0.1 ± 0.4, 0	χ² (4) = 10.764, aP = 0.029 (ED = AnxD and OCD = ASS > GPS)
Acoustic perception disturbances	0.3 ± 1.0, 0	0.2 ± 0.7, 0	0.3 ± 1.0, 0	0.1 ± 0.3, 0	0.2 ± 0.8, 0	χ² (4) = 3.227, P = 0.521

¹assessable only from age of 13 years onwards, thus only calculated on n = 404. ED: Eating disorder; ADHD: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; AnxD and OCD: Anxiety disorder, including obsessive-compulsive disorder; ASS: Asperger’s syndrome; GPS: community subjects.