Clinical high-risk criteria of psychosis in 8–17-year-old community subjects and inpatients not suspected of developing psychosis

Table 2 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample (n = 539)

	Inpatients (n = 306)	Community subjects (n = 233)	Statistics; effect size
Age: mean ± SD (Median)	14.4 ± 2.5 (14.9)	13.0 ± 2.9 (12.9)	U = 26032.5, cP < 0.001: r = 0.231
Sex: n (%) male	133 (43.5)	102 (43.8)	χ² (1) = 0.013, P = 0.908; V = 0.005
Migration background1: n (%)	52 (17.0)	64 (27.5)	χ² (1) = 8.593, bP = 0.003; V = 0.126
Graduated from school: n (%)	28 (9.2)	15 (6.4)	χ² (1) = 1.326, P = 0.250; V = 0.050
Current school class (n = 491): mean ± SD	7.5 ± 2.5 (8)	6.2 ± 2.6 (6)	U = 20894.5, cP < 0.001; r = 0.253
Family history of psychotic disorder: n (%)	4 (1.3)	1 (0.4)	χ² (1) = 1.105, Pexact = 0.396, V = 0.045
Any lifetime nonpsychotic axis-I disorder2: n (%)	306 (100)	22 (9.4)	χ² (1) = 455.368, cP < 0.001; V = 0.919
Any present nonpsychotic axis-I disorder2: n (%)	306 (100)	13 (5.6)	χ² (1) = 488.187, cP < 0.001; V = 0.952
Number present axis-I disorders2: mean ± SD (Median)	1.5 ± 0.7 (1)	0.1 ± 0.3 (0)	U = 1499.5, cP < 0.001; r = 0.883
Any present depressive disorder: n (%)	55 (18.0)	0	χ² (1) = 46.638, cP < 0.001; V = 0.294
Any present manic episode3: n (%)	0	1 (0.4)	χ² (1) = 1.316, P = 0.251; V = 0.049
Any present anxiety disorder2: n (%)	68 (22.2)	2 (0.9)	χ² (1) = 53.426, cP < 0.001; V = 0.315
Any present obsessive–compulsive disorder: n (%)	35 (11.4)	1 (0.4)	χ² (1) = 25.720, cP < 0.001; V = 0.218
Any present adjustment disorder: n (%)	3 (1.0)	0	χ² (1) = 2.297, P = 0.262; V = 0.065
Any present eating disorder: n (%)	98 (32.0)	0	χ² (1) = 91.203, cP < 0.001; V = 0.411
Any present somatoform disorder: n (%)	4 (1.3)	0	χ² (1) = 3.069, P = 0.137; V = 0.075
Any present substance use disorder: n (%)	4 (1.3)	2 (0.9)	χ² (1) = 0.242, P = 0.623; V = 0.021
Any present tic disorder: n (%)	9 (2.9)	0	χ² (1) = 6.969, bP = 0.008; V = 0.114
Any present attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: n (%)	103 (33.7)	7 (3.0)	χ² (1) = 76.532, cP < 0.001; V = 0.377
Any present conduct disorder: n (%)	18 (5.9)	2 (0.9)	χ² (1) = 9.345, bP = 0.002; V = 0.132
Any present developmental disorder: n (%)	31 (10.1)	0	χ² (1) = 25.045, cP < 0.001; V = 0.216
Global Assessment of Functioning score (0-100): mean ± SD (Median)	52.3 ± 8.8 (53)	81.0 ± 10.0 (85)	U = 1516.0, cP < 0.001; r = 0.819
SOFAS (0-100): mean ± SD (Median)	60.0 ± 11.0 (60)	84.3 ± 7.9 (88)	U = 3001.5, cP < 0.001; r = 0.786

¹defined by first or second nationality other than the country of residence;

²does not include simple specific phobias of objects with little functional relevance but includes severe specific phobias such as school phobia;

³no participant met criteria of a bipolar disorder at baseline. SOFAS: Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale[42]. V: Cramer’s V; r: Rosenthal’s r: 0.1 = weak effect; 0.3 = moderate effect; 0.5 = strong effect.