Clinical high-risk criteria of psychosis in 8–17-year-old community subjects and inpatients not suspected of developing psychosis

Table 1 Clinical high-risk criteria: (1) Ultra-high risk criteria in the definition of the criteria of psychosis-risk syndromes of the structured interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes, Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes[43] and (2) the basic symptom criteria in the definition of the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument, Child and Youth version[44]

(1) Ultra-high risk criteria
Brief intermittent psychotic symptom (BIPS) syndrome
At least 1 of the following SIPS positive items scored 6 "severe and psychotic"
P1 Unusual thought content/delusional ideas
P2 Suspiciousness/persecutory ideas
P3 Grandiose ideas
P4 Perceptual abnormalities/hallucinations
P5 Disorganized communication
Symptoms reached a psychotic level of intensity in the past 3 mo
Present for at least several minutes per day at a frequency of at least once per month but less than required for rating of a conversion to psychosis, i.e., less than at least 1 h per day at an average frequency of 4 d/wk over 1 mo
Attenuated positive symptom (APS) syndrome
At least 1 of the 5 SIPS positive items (see above) scored 3 “moderate” to 5 “severe but not psychotic”
Symptoms have begun within the past year or currently rate one or more scale points higher compared to 12 mo ago
Symptoms have occurred at an average frequency of at least once per week in the past month
Genetic risk and functional deterioration syndrome
Patient meets criteria for schizotypal personality disorder according to SIPS
Patient has first-degree relative with a psychotic disorder
Patient has experienced at least 30% drop in the Global Assessment of Functioning score over the last month compared to 12 mo ago
[1 and 3] or [2 and 3] or all are met
(2) Basic symptom criteria
A general requirement for basic symptoms is that they deviate from what is considered the ‘normal’ self and, thus, have not always been present in the same severity
Cognitive–perceptive basic symptoms (COPER)
At least 1 of the following basic symptoms scored 3 “weekly occurrences” to 6 “daily occurrences” within the past 3 mo: thought interference; thought perseveration; thought pressure; thought blockages1; disturbance of receptive speech; decreased ability to discriminate between ideas and perception, fantasy and true memories; unstable ideas of reference; derealization; visual perception disturbances (excl. hypersensitivity to light or blurred vision); acoustic perception disturbances (excl. hypersensitivity to sounds); first occurrence ≥ 12 mo ago
Cognitive disturbances (COGDIS)
At least 2 of the following basic symptoms scored 3 “weekly occurrences” to 6 “daily occurrences” within the past 3 mo: inability to divide attention; thought interference; thought pressure; thought blockages1; disturbance of receptive speech; disturbance of expressive speech; unstable ideas of reference; disturbances of abstract thinking1; captivation of attention by details of the visual field

¹ Assessable only from age of 13 yr onwards.