Reduced paraoxonase 1 activities may explain the comorbidities between temporal lobe epilepsy and depression, anxiety and psychosis

Table 2 Results of multivariate general linear model analysis examining the differences between diagnostic groups (diagnosis), namely healthy controls, temporal lobe epilepsy with and without comorbidities including depression, psychosis, and anxiety

Tests	Dependent variables	Exploratory variables	F	df	P value	Partial Eta squared
	All 4 biomarkers
Multivariate	CMPAase	Diagnosis	6.49	16/410	< 0.001	0.158
	Arylesterase	Sex	1.22	4/134	0.306	0.035
	Res CMPAase	Age	0.61	4/134	0.654	0.018
	Res Arylesterase	BMI	1.07	4/134	0.375	0.031
Between-subject effects	CMPAase	Diagnosis	28.06	4/137	< 0.001	0.450
	Res CMPAase	Diagnosis	26.60	4/137	< 0.001	0.437
	Arylesterase	Diagnosis	11.31	4/137	< 0.001	0.248
	Res Arylesterase	Diagnosis	16.90	4/137	< 0.001	0.330

Diagnosis: Five diagnostic groups, namely Psychotic Disorder due to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), Mood Disorder due to TLE with depressive features, Anxiety Disorder due to TLE, “Pure TLE” (without any comorbidities) and healthy controls. PON1: Paraoxonase; CMPAase: 4-(chloromethyl)phenyl acetate hydrolysis; Res: Residualized (after regression on PON1 genotype); BMI: Body mass index.