Associated mortality risk of atypical antipsychotic medication in individuals with dementia

Table 2 Results of the cox proportional hazard model, with survival since diagnosis as the duration variable

Covariate	Total	Alive	Dead	Hazard ratio	P value
Medications
Olanzapine	155	33 (21.3%)	122 (78.7%)	1.32a (1.08-1.60)	< 0.01
Quetiapine	144	29 (20.1%)	115 (79.9%)	1.09 (0.90-1.34)	0.38
Risperidone	450	82 (18.2%)	368 (81.8%)	1.35b (1.18-1.54)	< 0.001
Gender
Male	714	165 (23.1%)	549 (76.9%)	Baseline
Female	766	218 (28.5%)	548 (71.5%)	0.73b (0.64-0.82)	< 0.001
Ethnicity
White-British	1033	275 (26.6%)	758 (73.4%)	0.82a (0.72-0.94)	< 0.01
White-Irish	5	2 (40.0%)	3 (60.0%)	0.51 (0.16-1.62)	0.26
White-Any other	17	6 (35.3%)	11 (64.7%)	0.62 (0.34-1.13)	0.12
Mixed-White and Asian	-	-	-	-	-
Asian-Indian	6	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)	1.49 (0.61-3.63)	0.38
Asian-Bangladeshi	-	-	-	-	-
Asian-Any other	10	6 (60.0%)	4 (40.0%)	0.17a (0.05-0.53)	< 0.01
Black-Caribbean	-	-	-	-	-
Black-African	-	-	-	-	-
Any other ethnic group	-	-	-	-	-
MMSE score
20-30	369	123 (33.3%)	246 (66.7%)	0.72b (0.62-0.83)	< 0.001
10-19	199	45 (22.6%)	154 (77.4%)	0.87 (0.73-1.04)	0.12
< 10	40	11 (27.5%)	29 (72.5%)	0.81 (0.56-1.19)	0.28

^aHazard ratio significant at the P < 0.01 level.

^bHazard ratio significant at the P < 0.001 level. The ‘Alive’ and ‘Dead’ percentages are a proportion of the ‘Total’ count. The hazard ratio is listed along with the 95% confidence interval. MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination.