Overlap of orthorexia, eating attitude and psychological distress in some Italian and Spanish university students

doi:10.5498/wjp.v12.i10.1298

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2022; 12(10): 1298-1312
Published online Oct 19, 2022. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i10.1298

Table 3 Orthorexia, eating attitude and malnutrition

	IT-F, n = 59	IT-M, n = 41	SP-F, n = 33	SP-M, n = 27
ORTO-15	36.8 ± 3.4^a	36.4 ± 34.2^a	34.2 ± 3.6^a	33.8 ± 3.4^a
Cut-off 40 (%)	76.3^a	70.7^a	97.0^a	96.3^a
Cut-off 35 (%)	23.7^a	36.5	48.5^a	55.5
ORTO-12	30.7 ± 3.0^a	30.4 ± 3.4^a	27.5 ± 2.9^a	27.2 ± 2.7^a
ORTO-11	27.8 ± 2.8^a	27.6 ± 3.4^a	25.2 ± 2.9^a	25.4 ± 3.0^a
Cut-off 25 (%)	11.9^a	19.5^a	36.4^a	25.9^a
ORTO-9	30.4 ± 3.4^a	30.0 ± 3.7^a	27.8 ± 3.2^a	27.1 ± 3.2^a
Cut-off 26.7 (%)	13.6^a	19.5^a	30.3^a	40.7^a
ORTO-7	20.0 (18.0-22.0)^a	19.0 (18.0-21.0)	19.0 (15.5-19.5)^a	19.0 (16.0-19.0)
Cut-off 19 (%)	32.2	29.3	48.5	48.1
EAT-26	6.0 (3.0-10.0)^a	5.0 (3.0-8.5)^a	11.0 (5.0-17.5)^a	13.0 (7.0-17.0)^a
Cut-off 20 (%)	8.5	4.9	21.2	11.1
Dieting	2.0 (0.0-5.0)	2.0 (0.04.5)	4.0 (0.5-9.5)	6.0 (3.0-9.0)
Bulimia	3.0 (3.0-3.0)	3.0 (3.0-3.0)	3.0 (3.0-5.5)	3.0 (3.0-5.0)
SSI	14.0 (8.0-22.0)^a	10.0 (4.5-16.0)^a	24.0 (20.0-43.0)^a	18.0 (12.0-30.0)^a

^aP < 0.05 between Italians and Spaniards within sex. Not significant between females and males within country.

Categorical variables are expressed as percentages. Continuous variables are expressed as means with standard deviation (Shapiro-Wilk Test passed), or as median (25%-75% range, Shapiro-Wilk Test failed). EAT-26: Eating Attitudes Test; IT-F: Italian females; IT-M: Italian males; ORTO: Scores for orthorexia nervosa (ON, reverse scores, lower values indicate high ON); SP-F: Spanish females; SP-M: Spanish males; SSI: Starvation Symptom Inventory.

Citation: Aiello P, Toti E, Villaño D, Raguzzini A, Peluso I. Overlap of orthorexia, eating attitude and psychological distress in some Italian and Spanish university students. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12(10): 1298-1312
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v12/i10/1298.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v12.i10.1298