Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Psychiatry. Jan 19, 2022; 12(1): 151-168
Published online Jan 19, 2022. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.151
Table 3 Overview of Human Studies
Ref.
Population (n)
Trauma/stressor
Assessment times
Admon et al[14], 2013Soldiers (33)Treating a fellow soldier with severe combat injuryPre-deployment and 18 mo later
Alway et al[30],2016TBI patients (85)Motor vehicle accidents (76.5%), other accidents, assaults6 mo, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-yr post-injury
Bryant et al[29], 2009Traumatic injury patients with no (708) or mild TBI (459)Transport accident, assault, fall, work injury, other injuryDuring hospital admission and at 3 mo post-injury
Bryant et al[28], 2013Road traffic accident survivors admitted to trauma hospital (1084)Transport accident, assault, fall, work injury, other injuryDuring hospital admission and at 3-, 12-, and 24 mos post-injury
Busso et al[21], 2014Adolescents exposed to bombing (78)Terrorist attack at the 2013 Boston marathon1 year prior to trauma (n = 44), 4-6 wk posttrauma (n = 78)
Cacciaglia et al[13], 2017Healthy rescue ambulance workers (18), non-exposed matched controls (18)Exposed group: vehicle accident (41%), traumatic loss of a loved one, domestic violence, childhood abuseCross-sectional; trauma occurred a mean of 7.41 yr ago
Chase et al[39], 2015Help-seeking veterans (16) and family members (10)Exposure to blast during employment to combat-intense settingsCross-sectional; > 7 yr after exposure
Do Prado et al[31], 2017Adolescents with childhood trauma (30), controls without history of early life stress (27)Sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglectCross-sectional; maltreatment ended > 12 mo ago
Gandubert et al[19], 2016Emergency room patients (123)Physical assault, sexual assault, serious accident, otherDuring the first week and at 1-, 4-, and 12 mos post-trauma
Gil et al[35], 2005Traumatic brain injury patients (120)Traffic accident< 1 week, 3 mo, and 6 mo later
Glenn et al[27], 2017Soldiers deployed to Afghanistan (852)Combat experience, difficult living and working environment4 wk before and 22 wk after deployment
Jung et al[47], 2019Community-dwelling women (nurses) (50020)Various self-reported on Brief Trauma QuestionnaireBiennial from enrollment
Monfort and Trehel[44], 201793-year-old veteran (1)WW II combat experiences65 years later
Roy et al[36], 2015Combat veterans without PTSD, depression, or post-concussive syndrome < 2 mo after return (81)Deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan > 3 mo< 2 mo after return, 3, 6, and 12 mo
Smid et al[26], 2015Deployed soldiers (693)4 mo deployment to Afghanistan2 mo prior to deployment and 1-, 6-, 12-, and 24 mo following deployment
Solomon and Mikulincer[42], 2006Combat veterans with combat stress reaction (CSR) (131) or without (83)1982 Lebanon War1, 2, 3, and 20 yr after the war
Solomon et al[41], 2017Ex-prisoners of war (101), combat controls (15)1973 Yom Kippur War18, 30, 35, 42 yr after the war
Stein et al[43], 2013Community-dwelling (25,018)Lifetime exposure to 27 traumatic eventsCross-sectional
Uddin et al[32], 2010PTSD-affected (23) and -unaffected individuals (77) from large sampleLifetime exposure to 19 traumatic eventsCross-sectional
Vaiva et al[20], 2005Hospitalized traumatology patients (78)Road traffic accident1 and 6 wk, 12 mo
Wang et al[33], 2015Blunt chest trauma patients (57)Motor vehicle accidents (61.4%), falls, other accidents1, 3, 6 mo
Waszczuk et al[46], 2020First responders (1490)Working at the World Trade Center site, New York following the 9/11, 2001 terrorist attacksMean = 7.75 monitoring visits per 1.49 yr, PTSD diagnosis at 12 yr