Neurobiological mechanisms underlying delayed expression of posttraumatic stress disorder: A scoping review

Table 1 Study Selection Phase 1: Keywords used for stepwise including (and thus excluding) items

Criterion	Input for this criterion	Automatic keyword screening (Rayyan): Used keywords for include	Included	Thus excluded
1	5659	Trauma; traumas; traumatic; traumatized; traumatised; posttraumatic; PTSD	5194	465
2	5194	Asymptomatic; bridging; delayed; dormant; emerge; emerges; emerging; increase; increases; increasing; interval; late; latency; latent; onset; progression; progressive; symptom-free	2287	2907
3	2287	Adrenal; adrenalin; allostatic; ANS; autonomous; biochemical; biological; biology; biomarker; biomarkers; brain; cell; ceruleus; chemokine; coeruleus; cortex; cortisol; corticosteroids; corticosteroid; CT; cytokine; cytokines; DNA; epicortisol; epigenetic; epigenomic; epinephrine; frontal; genetic; hippocampus; hippocampal; HPA; hydrocortisone; hypothalamic; hypothalamus; imaging; immune; immunological; inflammation; LC; marker; markers; MRI; NE; nervous; neurobiological; neurobiology; neuroimaging; noradrenalin; norepinephrine; parasympathetic; PET; phenotype; phenotypical; pituitary; PNS; prefrontal; psychobiological; psychobiology; SNS; SPECT; stem; sympathetic	716	1571
4	716	Amnesia; amnesic; amnestic; cause; causal; dissociation; dissociative; factor; mechanism; mechanisms; predictor; protective; risk; sensitisation; sensitised; sensitization; sensitized; stage; staging; susceptibility; trigger; vulnerability	455	261
	455	Deduplication	438	17

ANS: Autonomous nervous system; CT: Computed tomography; HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary axis; LC: Locus coeruleus; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; NE: Norepinephrine; PET: Positron emission tomography; PNS: Parasympathetic nervous system; SNS: Sympathetic nervous system; SPECT: Single photon emission computed tomography; PTSD: Posttraumatic stress disorder.