Prevalence and correlates of aggressive behavior in psychiatric inpatient populations

Table 1 Measurement tools for agression

Name of the questionnaire	Year of development	Method of rating	Items	Scoring
Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression–Inpatient Version[254]	2006	Observation	7 (negative attitudes, impulsivity, irritability, verbal threats, sensitive to perceived provocation, easily angered when requests are denied, and unwillingness to follow directions)	0-7
Historical, clinical, risk management: 20 factors[256]	2013	Observation	20 (historical (H) scale consists of 10 items; clinical (C) scale consists of 5 items; risk management (R) scale consists of 5 items)	0-40
Brøset Violence Checklist[260]	2000	Observation	6 (confusion, irritability, boisterousness, physical threats, verbal threats, and attacks on objects)	0-6
Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised[262]	1999	Observation	5 (observed provocation, means used by patient, aim of aggression, consequences, and immediate measures taken by nurses)	0-22
Modified Overt Aggression Scale[264]	1989	Observation	4 (verbal aggression and aggression against property, self, and others)	0-40
Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory[269]	1957	Self-rating	75 (7 subscales: assault or direct physical violence against others; indirect hostility; irritability or explosiveness; negativism; resentment, anger, jealousy; mistrust; and verbal aggression)	0-66 total hostility score; 0-9 guilt score
Aggression Questionnaire[272]	2000	Self-rating	34 (5 subscales: physical aggression; verbal aggression; anger; and hostility; indirect aggression)	34-170 (5-point Likert scale)
State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2[274]	1999	Self-rating	57 (contains 6 scales: state anger; trait anger; anger expression-out; anger expression-in; anger control-out; anger control-in and 5 subscales: state anger/feeling, state anger/verbal, state anger/physical, trait anger/temperament, and trait anger/reaction, and an anger expression index)	57-228 (4-point Likert scale)